Bakkeli Nan Zou
Consumption Studies Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postal Address: P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
SSM Popul Health. 2021 May 4;14:100804. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100804. eCollection 2021 Jun.
The COVID-19 outbreak has posed considerable challenges for people's health, work situations and life satisfaction. This article reports on a study of the relationship between self-reported health and life satisfaction before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway, and examines the role of work in explaining the health-life satisfaction relationship.
The study was based on survey data collected from 3185 Norwegian employees in 2019 and 3002 employees in 2020. Propensity score matching techniques were used to assess the mediating effects of work situations and income loss on the health-life satisfaction relationship. Skew- regression models were further applied to estimate changes in life satisfaction before and during the pandemic, as well as to explore different underlying mechanisms for the health-life satisfaction association.
The study found a negative association between ill health and life satisfaction. Compared to the healthy population, people with poor health were more likely to experience worsened work situations. A negative work situation is further associated with lower life satisfaction, and the pandemic aggravated life satisfaction for those who had worsened work situations. When exploring central contributing factors for life satisfaction, we found that health-related risks and work-life balance played predominant roles in predicting life satisfaction before the pandemic, while different types of household structure were among the most important predictors of life satisfaction during the pandemic.
A reduction in life satisfaction is explained by ill health, but different underlying mechanisms facilitated people's life satisfaction before and during the pandemic. While work situation and health risks were important predictors for life satisfaction in 2019, worries about more unstable work situations and less access to family support accentuated worsened life satisfaction in 2020. The findings suggest the necessity of labour market interventions that address the security and maintenance of proper and predictable work situations, especially in these more uncertain times.
新冠疫情的爆发给人们的健康、工作状况和生活满意度带来了巨大挑战。本文报告了一项关于挪威在新冠疫情之前和期间自我报告的健康状况与生活满意度之间关系的研究，并探讨了工作在解释健康与生活满意度关系中所起的作用。
该研究基于2019年从3185名挪威员工以及2020年从3002名员工收集的调查数据。倾向得分匹配技术用于评估工作状况和收入损失对健康与生活满意度关系的中介作用。进一步应用偏态回归模型来估计疫情之前和期间生活满意度的变化，并探索健康与生活满意度关联的不同潜在机制。
研究发现健康状况不佳与生活满意度之间存在负相关。与健康人群相比，健康状况较差的人更有可能经历工作状况恶化。负面的工作状况进一步与较低的生活满意度相关，并且疫情加剧了工作状况恶化者的生活满意度下降。在探索生活满意度的主要影响因素时，我们发现与健康相关的风险和工作与生活的平衡在疫情之前预测生活满意度方面发挥了主要作用，而不同类型的家庭结构是疫情期间生活满意度最重要的预测因素之一。
健康状况不佳会导致生活满意度降低，但在疫情之前和期间促进人们生活满意度的潜在机制有所不同。虽然工作状况和健康风险在2019年是生活满意度的重要预测因素，但对工作状况更加不稳定以及获得家庭支持较少的担忧加剧了2020年生活满意度的恶化。研究结果表明，有必要采取劳动力市场干预措施，以解决适当和可预测的工作状况的安全性和维持问题，尤其是在这些更加不确定的时期。
