Pautz Andrea, Li Huige, Kleinert Hartmut
Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2021 Apr 30;26(5):85-101. doi: 10.52586/4926.
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are the major sources of nitric oxide (NO), a small bioactive molecule involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. One of the most prominent functions of NO is regulation of vasodilatation and thereby control of blood pressure. Most important for vascular tone is NOS3. Endothelial NOS3-generated NO diffuses into the vascular smooth muscle cells, activates the soluble guanylate cyclase resulting in enhanced cGMP concentrations and smooth muscle cell relaxation. However, more and more evidence exist that also NOS1 and NOS2 contribute to vascular function. We summarize the current knowledge about the regulation of NOS expression in the vasculature by transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, in regard to inflammation and innate immune pathways.
一氧化氮合酶（NOS）是一氧化氮（NO）的主要来源，NO是一种参与许多细胞过程调节的小生物活性分子。NO最显著的功能之一是调节血管舒张，从而控制血压。对血管张力最重要的是NOS3。内皮型NOS3产生的NO扩散到血管平滑肌细胞中，激活可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶，导致cGMP浓度升高和平滑肌细胞松弛。然而，越来越多的证据表明，NOS1和NOS2也对血管功能有贡献。我们总结了目前关于血管系统中NOS表达通过转录、转录后和翻译后机制进行调节的知识，涉及炎症和先天免疫途径。
