SRM Research Institute and Department of Civil Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu 603203, India4.
Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Jul 20;55(14):9469-9478. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01460. Epub 2021 May 24.
Xenobiotic chemical emissions from the informal electronic waste recycling (EW) sector are emerging problem for developing countries, with scale and impacts that are yet to be evaluated. We report an intensive polyurethane foam disk passive air sampling study in four megacities in India to investigate atmospheric organic pollutants along five transects viz., EW, information technology (IT), industrial, residential, and dumpsites. Intraurban emission sources were estimated and attributed by trajectory modeling and positive matrix factorization (PMF). ∑PCDD/Fs, ∑PCBs, ∑plasticizers, and ∑PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.1 to 26 pg/m (14 ± 7; Avg ± SD), 0.5-52 ng/m (9 ± 12); 7.5-520 ng/m, (63 ± 107) and 6-33 ng/m (17 ± 6), respectively. EW contributed 45% of total PCB concentrations in this study and was evidenced as a major factor by PMF. The dominance of dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs), particularly PCB-126, reflects combustion as the possible primary emission source. PCDD/Fs, PCBs and plasticizers were consistently highest at EW transect, while PAHs were maximum in industrial transect followed by EW. Concentrations of marker plasticizers (DnBP and DEHP) released during EW activities were significantly higher ( < 0.05) in Bangalore than in other cities. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) due to dl-PCBs was maximum in the EW transect and PCB-126 was the major contributor. For both youth and adult, the highest estimated inhalation risks for dl-PCBs and plasticizers were seen at the EW transect in Bangalore, followed by Chennai and New Delhi.
从非正式电子废物回收（EW）部门排放的外来化学物质是发展中国家面临的一个新出现的问题，其规模和影响尚未得到评估。我们报告了在印度四个特大城市进行的密集型聚氨酯泡沫盘被动空气采样研究，以调查五条横断面（EW、信息技术（IT）、工业、住宅和垃圾场）的大气有机污染物。通过轨迹建模和正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）估计和归因城市内排放源。∑PCDD/Fs、∑PCBs、∑增塑剂和∑PAHs 浓度范围为 3.1 至 26 pg/m（14 ± 7；平均值 ± 标准差）、0.5 至 52 ng/m（9 ± 12）、7.5 至 520 ng/m、（63 ± 107）和 6 至 33 ng/m（17 ± 6）。EW 对本研究中总 PCB 浓度的贡献为 45%，并通过 PMF 证明是一个主要因素。二恶英样 PCB（dl-PCBs），特别是 PCB-126 的优势，反映出燃烧可能是主要的排放源。PCDD/Fs、PCBs 和增塑剂在 EW 横断面上始终最高，而 PAHs 在工业横断面上最高，其次是 EW。在 EW 活动中释放的标志性增塑剂（DnBP 和 DEHP）的浓度在班加罗尔显著高于其他城市（<0.05）。dl-PCBs 的毒性当量（TEQs）在 EW 横断面上最高，PCB-126 是主要贡献者。对于青少年和成人，班加罗尔 EW 横断面上 dl-PCBs 和增塑剂的估计吸入风险最高，其次是钦奈和新德里。
