US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Howard University College of Pharmacy, Washington, DC, USA.
J Prim Care Community Health. 2021 Jan-Dec;12:21501327211014071. doi: 10.1177/21501327211014071.
Vaccine preventable diseases are responsible for a substantial degree of morbidity in the United States as over 18 million annual cases of vaccine preventable disease occur in the U.S. annually. The morbidity due to vaccine preventable disease is disproportionately borne by adults as over 99% of the deaths due to vaccine preventable diseases occur within adults, and national data indicates that there racial disparities in the receipt of vaccines intended for elderly adults. A literature review was conducted by using the PubMed database to identify research articles that contained information on the vaccination rates among minority populations for selected vaccines intended for use in elderly populations including those for herpes zoster, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B. A total of 22 articles were identified, 8 of which focused on tetanus related vaccines, 2 of which focused on hepatitis related vaccines, and 12 of which focused on herpes zoster. The findings indicate that magnitude of the disparity for the receipt of tetanus and herpes related vaccines is not decreasing over time. Elderly patients having a low awareness of vaccines and suboptimal knowledge for when or if they should receive specific vaccines remains a key contributor to suboptimal vaccination rates. There is an urgent need for more intervention-based studies to enhance the uptake of vaccines within elderly populations, particularly among ethnic minorities where culturally sensitive and tailored messages may be of use.
疫苗可预防疾病在美国造成了相当程度的发病率，因为每年有超过 1800 万例疫苗可预防疾病在美国发生。疫苗可预防疾病的发病率不成比例地由成年人承担，因为超过 99%的疫苗可预防疾病死亡发生在成年人中，而且国家数据表明，老年人疫苗的接种存在种族差异。通过使用 PubMed 数据库进行文献回顾，确定了包含有关特定疫苗（包括用于老年人的带状疱疹、破伤风、白喉、百日咳、甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎疫苗）接种率的信息的研究文章。共确定了 22 篇文章，其中 8 篇侧重于破伤风相关疫苗，2 篇侧重于肝炎相关疫苗，12 篇侧重于带状疱疹。研究结果表明，破伤风和带状疱疹相关疫苗接种率的差异程度并没有随着时间的推移而减少。老年人对疫苗的认识程度较低，对何时或是否应该接种特定疫苗的知识不足，这仍然是疫苗接种率不理想的一个关键因素。迫切需要更多基于干预的研究来提高老年人对疫苗的接种率，特别是在少数民族中，针对他们的文化敏感和量身定制的信息可能会有所帮助。
