Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research (ICCTR), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
RTI Health Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Am J Prev Med. 2021 Oct;61(4):465-473. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.03.023. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
Adults from racial and ethnic minorities and low-income groups are disproportionately affected by vaccine-preventable diseases. The objective of this study is to examine the trends in adult vaccination coverage in the U.S. by race/ethnicity and SES from 2010 to 2019.
Temporal trends in influenza; pneumococcal; herpes zoster; and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccination coverage were examined by race/ethnicity and SES in 2020 using the National Health Interview Surveys from 2010 to 2019.
Influenza vaccination coverage differed by race/ethnicity among adults aged ≥65 years (61.4% for Black, 63.9% for Hispanic, 71.9% for Asian, and 72.4% for White adults). Race/ethnicity, household income, education level, and health insurance type were significantly associated with receipt of influenza; pneumococcal; tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis; and zoster vaccinations among adults aged ≥65 years in a multivariable-adjusted regression model. Socioeconomic differences in influenza vaccine uptake narrowed among adults aged 18-64 years from 2010 to 2019. By contrast, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in vaccine uptake persisted from 2010 to 2019 among adults aged ≥65 years.
Racial and ethnic disparities in vaccine uptake persisted over the last decade. Socioeconomic disparities in influenza vaccine coverage narrowed among adults aged 18-64 years; however, disparities persisted among adults aged ≥65 years. Efforts are urgently needed to achieve equity in immunization rates.
少数族裔和低收入群体的成年人受到疫苗可预防疾病的影响不成比例。本研究的目的是检查 2010 年至 2019 年美国按种族/族裔和 SES 划分的成人疫苗接种覆盖率趋势。
使用 2010 年至 2019 年国家健康访谈调查，按种族/族裔和 SES 检查 2020 年≥65 岁成年人中流感、肺炎球菌、带状疱疹和破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳疫苗接种覆盖率的时间趋势。
≥65 岁成年人中，流感疫苗接种率因种族/族裔而异（黑人 61.4%，西班牙裔 63.9%，亚裔 71.9%，白人 72.4%）。在多变量调整回归模型中，种族/族裔、家庭收入、教育水平和医疗保险类型与≥65 岁成年人接种流感、肺炎球菌、破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳以及带状疱疹疫苗显著相关。2010 年至 2019 年，18-64 岁成年人中，流感疫苗接种率的社会经济差异有所缩小。相比之下，2010 年至 2019 年，≥65 岁成年人的疫苗接种率仍存在种族/族裔和社会经济差异。
在过去十年中，疫苗接种率的种族和族裔差异仍然存在。18-64 岁成年人中，流感疫苗接种率的社会经济差异有所缩小；然而，≥65 岁成年人中仍然存在差异。迫切需要努力实现免疫接种率的公平。
