Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni Calibita, Rome, Italy.
Womens Health (Lond). 2021 Jan-Dec;17:17455065211016136. doi: 10.1177/17455065211016136.
Pre-pregnancy obesity and suboptimal gestational weight gain are on the rise globally and are independently associated with several maternal and neonatal complications. A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, may improve health and reduce these complications, but many women are less active and willing to engage in physical activity with advancing gestation. Therefore, the inclusion of a wider range of physical activity such as domestic chore, occupational activity and active commuting may help pregnant women to meet the physical activity recommendations of 150 min/week. Very little is known about these issues in Italy, a country with strong traditional roles regarding pregnancy and motherhood, including "la famiglia" (the family). Primary objective describes health and lifestyle behavior of pregnant Italian women. Secondary objective reports total physical activity level, recreational exercise and context of these activities from pre-pregnancy and throughout gestation in regard to gestational weight gain management.
Cross-sectional study performed in one public hospital and four antenatal clinics in Italy. Participants (n = 513) completed a validated self-administered questionnaire, the Physical Activity Pregnancy Questionnaire, in gestation week 36.01 (standard deviation 2.0). Pre-pregnancy body weight (kg) was self-reported, whereas maternal weight (kg) was measured at gestation week 36. In line with current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines (2020), participants were categorized into regular physical activity (⩾150 min/week) or non-regular physical activity (<150 min/week).
Mean pre-pregnancy body-mass index was 22.8 kg/m (standard deviation 3.9), with 14.4% of women entering motherhood overweight and 5.3% obese. Mean gestational weight gain was 11.9 kg (standard deviation 4.1). Among those with a body-mass index ⩾25, 46.5% gained above the Institute of Medicine recommendations. With respect to recreational exercise/sport, 4.7% were active according to guidelines, whereas 82.7% accumulated ⩾150 min/week when combining exercise/sport with daily-life physical activity (commuting and occupational). Exercising ⩾150 min/week and working 100% in third trimester were associated with gestational weight gain within Institute of Medicine recommendations (p = 0.06 and p = 0.03).
Italian pregnant women have a low exercise level, still over 80% achieved a total physical activity level ⩾150 min/week when adding occupational and commuting activities. Nearly 50% of overweight and obese women exceeded the recommended gestational weight gain during pregnancy.
孕前肥胖和孕期体重增加不足在全球范围内呈上升趋势，且与多种母婴并发症独立相关。健康的生活方式，包括有规律的体育活动，可能改善健康状况并减少这些并发症，但许多女性在妊娠晚期的活动量较少，且不愿意进行体育活动。因此，纳入更广泛的体育活动，如家务、职业活动和主动通勤，可能有助于孕妇达到每周 150 分钟的体育活动推荐量。意大利在这些方面的了解甚少，意大利是一个在怀孕和育儿方面有着强烈传统角色的国家，包括“la famiglia”（家庭）。主要目标描述了意大利孕妇的健康和生活方式行为。次要目标报告了从孕前到整个孕期的总体育活动水平、娱乐性运动以及与妊娠体重管理相关的这些活动的背景。
在意大利的一家公立医院和四家产前诊所进行的横断面研究。513 名参与者在妊娠 36.01 周（标准差 2.0）时完成了经过验证的自我管理问卷，即《孕期体力活动问卷》。孕前体重（kg）为自我报告，而在妊娠 36 周时测量孕妇体重（kg）。根据美国妇产科医师学会（2020 年）的现行指南，参与者被分为有规律的体育活动（⩾150 分钟/周）或无规律的体育活动（<150 分钟/周）。
平均孕前体重指数为 22.8kg/m²（标准差 3.9），14.4%的女性超重，5.3%的女性肥胖。平均妊娠体重增加 11.9kg（标准差 4.1）。对于 BMI ⩾25 的人群，46.5%的人增重超过了医学研究所的建议。就娱乐性运动/体育活动而言，4.7%的人符合指南的活动标准，而当将运动/体育活动与日常生活中的体力活动（通勤和职业）相结合时，82.7%的人累计达到了 ⩾150 分钟/周。每周运动 ⩾150 分钟且在妊娠晚期 100%工作与符合医学研究所建议的妊娠体重增加有关（p=0.06 和 p=0.03）。
意大利孕妇的运动水平较低，但仍有 80%以上的孕妇通过增加职业和通勤活动达到每周 150 分钟的总体力活动水平。近 50%的超重和肥胖女性在怀孕期间体重增加超过了推荐量。
