McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Mod Trends Psychiatry. 2021;32:58-67. doi: 10.1159/000510417. Epub 2021 May 6.
There is currently enormous interest in the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the development and function of the brain via activity of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It has long been recognised that symbiotic microorganisms influence host behaviour, but in recent years evidence has accumulated that this can, in fact, be beneficial to the host. Indeed, substantial research has now demonstrated an influence of the intestinal microbiota on a wide range of mammalian behaviours. Here, we review what is currently known about the influence of intestinal microbiota on learning and memory, olfaction, social behaviours, and circadian processes. While work in animal models is compelling, further work is required to elucidate mechanisms whereby bacterial influence is occurring, as well as to determine the extent to which gut microbiota can influence similar phenotypes in humans.
目前，人们对肠道微生物群通过微生物群-肠道-大脑轴对大脑发育和功能的影响非常感兴趣。长期以来，人们一直认识到共生微生物会影响宿主的行为，但近年来有证据表明，这实际上对宿主是有益的。事实上，大量的研究现在已经证明了肠道微生物群对广泛的哺乳动物行为的影响。在这里，我们回顾了目前已知的肠道微生物群对学习和记忆、嗅觉、社会行为和昼夜节律过程的影响。虽然动物模型的研究很有说服力，但还需要进一步的研究来阐明细菌影响发生的机制，以及确定肠道微生物群在多大程度上可以影响人类的类似表型。
