Rojatz Daniela
Gesundheit Österreich GmbH, Wien, Österreich.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2021 Jun;163:20-29. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2021.03.001. Epub 2021 May 24.
Self-help organizations act in a self-determined manner, but can be strengthened by conducive framework conditions such as advanced training programs. The Austrian Competence and Service Agency for Self-help ÖKUSS was created as part of the framework of the concept for public promotion of self-help. It developed an advanced training program for the systematic support of nationwide self-help organizations (NSHO). The article describes the conceptual development of an advanced training program and discusses how to deal with ambivalences arising in the process.
Three training tracks were derived from the objectives of the concept for the public promotion of self-help (promoting the visibility of self-help organizations, strengthening self-help organizations in their activities, and patient participation). To determine the contents, the advanced training needs of NSHO were identified on the basis of process-produced data (including feedback forms), relevant literature, and the results of workshops with self-help representatives. An Internet search was conducted to build on existing offerings. The ÖKUSS concept was developed in several workshops with representatives of self-help organizations and its contents and framework conditions were discussed.
Training Track 1 "Strengthening self-help activities" aims to strengthen the self-image of NSHO as a self-help organization and to support the implementation of activities with introductory seminars and additional workshops. Training Track 2 "Promoting cooperation" supports the meeting and dialogue between NSHO representatives and experts with expert dialogues and annual projects. Training Track 3 "Strengthening collective patient participation" prepares NSHO representatives for participation in health policy decision-making processes in a modular course.
During the development process, ambivalences in a social, factual, time and space dimension were dealt with: On the social dimension, the aim was to take decisions regarding the objectives, form and content of the continuing education program as closely as possible to the participants and to offer low-threshold participation. On the factual level, the focus was on the competence of those affected and/or the transfer of competence for implementing activities. In terms of time, a balance had to be struck between the time resources available to the NSHO representatives and the time required to develop competence. In terms of space, on-site events were preferred to online events (before COVID-19). Finally, a different approach was chosen for each training track. For the further development of the advanced training program, a piloting and a participatory development with NSHO representatives is recommended.
自助组织以自主方式开展活动，但可以通过诸如进阶培训项目等有利的框架条件得到加强。奥地利自助能力与服务机构ÖKUSS是作为公共促进自助概念框架的一部分而设立的。它制定了一项进阶培训项目，以系统支持全国性自助组织（NSHO）。本文描述了一个进阶培训项目的概念发展，并讨论了如何处理该过程中出现的矛盾之处。
从公共促进自助概念的目标（提高自助组织的知名度、加强自助组织的活动以及患者参与）中衍生出三条培训路径。为确定内容，根据过程产生的数据（包括反馈表）、相关文献以及与自助代表举办的研讨会结果，确定了NSHO的进阶培训需求。通过互联网搜索以借鉴现有课程。在与自助组织代表举办的多次研讨会上制定了ÖKUSS概念，并对其内容和框架条件进行了讨论。
培训路径1“加强自助活动”旨在强化NSHO作为自助组织的自我形象，并通过入门研讨会和额外的工作坊支持活动的开展。培训路径2“促进合作”通过专家对话和年度项目支持NSHO代表与专家之间的会面和对话。培训路径3“加强集体患者参与”通过一个模块化课程让NSHO代表为参与卫生政策决策过程做好准备。
在发展过程中，处理了社会、事实、时间和空间维度上的矛盾之处：在社会维度上，目标是尽可能贴近参与者做出关于继续教育项目的目标、形式和内容的决策，并提供低门槛参与机会。在事实层面，重点是受影响者的能力和/或实施活动的能力转移。在时间方面，必须在NSHO代表可用的时间资源与发展能力所需的时间之间取得平衡。在空间方面，在新冠疫情之前，更倾向于现场活动而非在线活动。最后，为每个培训路径选择了不同的方法。对于进阶培训项目的进一步发展，建议与NSHO代表进行试点和参与式发展。
