Sakalle Salil, Saroshe Satish, Shukla Harish, Mutha Anita, Vaze Ameya, Arora Arpit, Athotra Aditya, Ramaswamy Sudarshan, Jain Arania, Dhuria Meera, Patil Anil D, Rai Arvind, Garg Suneela, Jain Sudhir K, Bindal Jyoti, Singh Sujeet K
MGM Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Department of Health Service, Govt. of M.P., Madhya Pradesh, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Mar;10(3):1479-1484. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2015_20. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
In India, laboratory diagnosis of SARS - CoV-2 infection has been mostly based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Studies have shown that Viral titres peak within the first week of symptoms but may decline later hampering RT-PCR-based diagnostic strategies. Exact estimate is difficult under high-risk screening strategy with evidences of having large number of asymptomatic cases. This has prompted a call for adoption of antibody testing as potential source of data.
A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 7000 was conducted for 15 days including all the 85 wards under Indore Municipal Corporation. Stratified Random Sampling was used to collect the samples. Trained teams collected basic sociodemographic information and serum samples which were tested for the presence of specific antibodies to COVID-19 using ICMR-Kavach IgG ELISA kits. The data collected was compiled and analysed using appropriate statistical software.
Overall weighted seroprevalence of the study population was found to be 7.75%. The prevalence in males and females was comparable (7.91% vs 7.57%). Highest seropositivity (10.04%) was seen among individuals aged more than 60 years. Total number of infections in the population were estimated to be 2,03,160. Overall Case Infection Ratio was found to be 27.43.
The current seroprevalence study provides information on proportion of the population exposed, but the correlation between presence and absence of antibodies is not a marker of total or partial immunity. It must also be noted that more than 90 percent of the population is still susceptible for COVID-19 infection. Hence, non-pharmaceutical interventions like respiratory hygiene, physical distancing, hand sanitization, usage of personal protective equipment such as masks and implementation of public health measures need to be continued.
在印度，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染的实验室诊断主要基于实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）。研究表明，病毒载量在症状出现的第一周内达到峰值，但随后可能下降，这会妨碍基于RT-PCR的诊断策略。在存在大量无症状病例证据的高风险筛查策略下，很难进行准确估计。这促使人们呼吁采用抗体检测作为潜在的数据来源。
进行了一项为期15天的横断面研究，样本量为7000，涵盖印多尔市市政公司下属的所有85个病房。采用分层随机抽样收集样本。训练有素的团队收集基本的社会人口统计学信息和血清样本，使用印度医学研究理事会（ICMR）-卡瓦奇IgG酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒检测样本中是否存在针对2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的特异性抗体。使用适当的统计软件对收集到的数据进行整理和分析。
研究人群的总体加权血清阳性率为7.75%。男性和女性的患病率相当（7.91%对7.57%）。60岁以上人群的血清阳性率最高（10.04%）。估计该人群中的感染总数为203160例。总体病例感染率为27.43。
当前的血清阳性率研究提供了关于暴露人群比例的信息，但抗体的存在与否之间的相关性并非完全或部分免疫的标志。还必须指出的是，超过90%的人群仍然易感染COVID-19。因此，诸如呼吸道卫生、保持身体距离、手部消毒、使用口罩等个人防护设备以及实施公共卫生措施等非药物干预措施仍需继续。
