Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada.
Plant Cell Rep. 2021 Sep;40(9):1603-1615. doi: 10.1007/s00299-021-02688-3. Epub 2021 May 26.
Plants have developed sophisticated and complex epigenetic regulation-based mechanisms to maintain stable growth and development under diverse environmental conditions. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important epigenetic regulators in eukaryotes that are involved in the deacetylation of lysine residues of histone H3 and H4 proteins. Plants have developed a unique HDAC family, HD2, in addition to the RPD3 and Sir2 families, which are also present in other eukaryotes. HD2s are well conserved plant-specific HDACs, which were first identified as nucleolar phosphoproteins in maize. The HD2 family plays important roles not only in fundamental developmental processes, including seed germination, root and leaf development, floral transition, and seed development but also in regulating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some of the HD2 members coordinate with each other to function. The HD2 family proteins also show functional association with RPD3-type HDACs and other transcription factors as a part of repression complexes in gene regulatory networks involved in environmental stress responses. This review aims to analyse and summarise recent research progress in the HD2 family, and to describe their role in plant growth and development and in response to different environmental stresses.
植物已经进化出复杂而精细的基于表观遗传调控的机制，以在各种环境条件下维持稳定的生长和发育。组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDACs）是真核生物中重要的表观遗传调控因子，参与组蛋白 H3 和 H4 蛋白赖氨酸残基的去乙酰化。除了其他真核生物中存在的 RPD3 和 Sir2 家族外，植物还进化出了独特的 HDAC 家族 HD2。HD2s 是高度保守的植物特异性 HDACs，最初在玉米中被鉴定为核仁磷酸化蛋白。HD2 家族不仅在基本的发育过程中发挥重要作用，包括种子萌发、根和叶的发育、花的转变和种子的发育，而且在调节植物对生物和非生物胁迫的反应中也发挥重要作用。一些 HD2 成员相互协调发挥功能。HD2 家族蛋白还与 RPD3 型 HDAC 和其他转录因子作为涉及环境胁迫反应的基因调控网络中的抑制复合物的一部分显示出功能关联。本综述旨在分析和总结 HD2 家族的最新研究进展，并描述它们在植物生长发育和应对不同环境胁迫中的作用。
