Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Nov;132:612-622. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.012. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
Histone is the core component of nucleosome and modification of amino acid residues on histone tails is one of the most pivotal epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Histone acetylation or deacetylation is carried out by two groups of proteins: histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or histone deacetylases (HDACs), and has been proven to be tightly linked to regulation of gene expression in animals and vascular plants. The biological functions of HATs and HDACs in non-flowering plants remain largely unknown. We found that there are seven MpHAT genes and twelve MpHDAC genes present in the Marchantia genome, and the comprehensive protein sequence analysis of the HAT and HDAC families was introduced to investigate their potential functions. On the basis of the functional domain analysis, eight MpHATs and twelve MpHDACs contain the conserved functional domains as the defining feature of each family. Phylogenetic trees of all families of MpHATs and MpHDACs along with their homologs from different plant and green algae species were constructed to illustrate evolutionary relationship of HAT and HDAC proteins. We found both SIR2 family and RPD3/HDA1 superfamily possess lower plant-specific proteins indicating the potential unknown functions of HATs and HDACs in Marchantia and other lower plant or algae species. Subcellular localization prediction suggests that MpHATs and MpHDACs are likely functioning in various organelles. Expression analysis shows that all MpHAT and MpHDAC genes are expressed in all tissues with differences at the transcriptional level. In addition, their expression patterns were altered in response to various treatments with plant hormones and environmental stress. We concluded that all MpHATs and MpHDACs are functional proteins in Marchantia and involved in various signaling pathways. Marchantia could have developed a complex histone acetylation epigenetic mechanism to regulate growth and development, as well as responses to environment.
组蛋白是核小体的核心成分，组蛋白尾部氨基酸残基的修饰是最重要的表观遗传调控机制之一。组蛋白乙酰化或去乙酰化是由两组蛋白质完成的：组蛋白乙酰转移酶（HATs）或组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDACs），并且已被证明与动物和维管植物中基因表达的调节紧密相关。在非开花植物中，HATs 和 HDACs 的生物学功能在很大程度上仍然未知。我们发现，在 Marchantia 基因组中存在七个 MpHAT 基因和十二个 MpHDAC 基因，并且对 HAT 和 HDAC 家族的综合蛋白质序列分析被引入以研究它们的潜在功能。基于功能域分析，八个 MpHAT 和十二个 MpHDAC 包含保守的功能域，作为每个家族的定义特征。沿着与其来自不同植物和绿藻物种的同源物构建了所有 MpHATs 和 MpHDACs 家族的系统发育树，以说明 HAT 和 HDAC 蛋白的进化关系。我们发现 SIR2 家族和 RPD3/HDA1 超家族都具有较低的植物特异性蛋白，这表明 HATs 和 HDACs 在 Marchantia 和其他低等植物或藻类物种中具有潜在的未知功能。亚细胞定位预测表明，MpHATs 和 MpHDACs 可能在各种细胞器中发挥作用。表达分析表明，所有 MpHAT 和 MpHDAC 基因在所有组织中均有表达，转录水平存在差异。此外，它们的表达模式在受到植物激素和环境胁迫的各种处理后发生了改变。我们得出结论，所有 MpHATs 和 MpHDACs 都是 Marchantia 中的功能性蛋白质，参与了各种信号通路。Marchantia 可能已经开发出了一种复杂的组蛋白乙酰化表观遗传机制，以调节生长和发育以及对环境的反应。
