Li Di-Kang, Liu Miao, Li Chun-Lin, Hu Yuan-Man, Wang Cong, Liu Chong
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 May;32(5):1593-1602. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202105.015.
Atmospheric environment in urban built-up area is severely influenced by the surrounding landscape pattern. Understanding the relationship between air pollution and surrounding landscape pattern at small scale has great significance for mitigating air pollution from the perspective of urban construction. The annual average concentrations of NO, SO, PM and PM from 266 air pollution monitoring stations in 30 provincial capitals of China in 2017 were chosen as dependent variables. Ten two-dimensional and three-dimensional landscape pattern indices (number of buildings, building aggregation, building density, impervious water ratio, quantitative density of catering, building footprint area, high building ratio, floor area ratio, total building area and building type Shannon diversity index) within the 3 km area around the monitoring stations were used as independent variables. The effects of landscape pattern on the concentration of four air pollutants were analyzed using the boosted regression trees model. The results showed that the concentration of four air pollutants in the central and northern cities were significantly higher than that in the southeast coastal cities and southwest cities. The most important factor affecting the concentrations of NO, SO, PM and PM was the impervious ratio, with relative contribution rates of 40.7%, 36.3%, 51.0% and 51.8% respectively. The results of sub-region analysis showed that the most important influencing factor differed in different regions, including the impervious ratio in the East and Central China; the number and density of buildings in South China; the impervious ratio and diversity of building types in North China; the impervious ratio and the number of buildings in Northeast China, the density of buildings in Northwest China. Such differences were mainly caused by climate, topography, urban planning, and other factors.
城市建成区的大气环境受到周边景观格局的严重影响。在小尺度上了解空气污染与周边景观格局之间的关系，对于从城市建设角度减轻空气污染具有重要意义。选取2017年中国30个省会城市266个空气污染监测站的NO、SO、PM和PM的年均浓度作为因变量。将监测站周边3公里范围内的10个二维和三维景观格局指数（建筑数量、建筑聚集度、建筑密度、不透水率、餐饮定量密度、建筑占地面积、高层建筑比例、容积率、总建筑面积和建筑类型香农多样性指数）作为自变量。利用增强回归树模型分析景观格局对四种空气污染物浓度的影响。结果表明，中部和北部城市的四种空气污染物浓度明显高于东南沿海城市和西南城市。影响NO、SO、PM和PM浓度的最重要因素是不透水率，相对贡献率分别为40.7%、36.3%、51.0%和51.8%。分区分析结果表明，不同区域最重要的影响因素不同，包括华东和华中地区的不透水率；华南地区的建筑数量和密度；华北地区的不透水率和建筑类型多样性；东北地区的不透水率和建筑数量，西北地区的建筑密度。这些差异主要是由气候、地形、城市规划等因素造成的。
