Ke Ben, Hu Wenhao, Huang Dongming, Zhang Jing, Lin Xintao, Li Cuihuan, Jin Xinjie, Chen Jian
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 20;826:154094. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154094. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Three-dimensional (3D) urban landscape patterns and building morphology are crucial for urban planning and essential for urban landscape functions. In this study, fixed and mobile monitoring sites were used to determine the spatial distribution of PM concentrations in Hangzhou. Six 3D metrics were selected to analyze the response of PM pollution to landscape patterns and building morphology, while their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts' metrics were also analyzed to contrast the differences. A variance partitioning analysis (VPA) was performed to measure the combined and relative contribution of 3D and 2D metrics to the changes in PM concentrations. The results showed that: (1) on the 3D scale, forming a building pattern with a combination of different building heights can eliminate the accumulation of PM; (2) on the 2D scale, fragmentation and decentralization of landscapes and building patches alleviate PM pollution; and (3) 3D building morphology indicators have the highest explanatory power (40.94%) for the changes of PM concentrations. It turns out that the explanatory power of 3D metrics for PM concentrations changes is much greater than that of 2D metrics. In addition, when compared to building morphology indicators from a single dimension, the combination of 2D and 3D metrics is better able to reflect urban PM pollution. The results of this study expand our understanding of how PM pollution responds to 2D and 3D metrics and provide useful information for urban planning.
三维（3D）城市景观格局和建筑形态对城市规划至关重要，对城市景观功能必不可少。在本研究中，使用固定和移动监测站点来确定杭州PM浓度的空间分布。选择六个三维指标来分析PM污染对景观格局和建筑形态的响应，同时也分析了它们的二维（2D）对应指标以对比差异。进行了方差分解分析（VPA）以测量三维和二维指标对PM浓度变化的综合和相对贡献。结果表明：（1）在三维尺度上，形成不同建筑高度组合的建筑格局可以消除PM的积累；（2）在二维尺度上，景观和建筑斑块的破碎化和分散化减轻了PM污染；（3）三维建筑形态指标对PM浓度变化的解释力最高（40.94%）。事实证明，三维指标对PM浓度变化的解释力远大于二维指标。此外，与单一维度的建筑形态指标相比，二维和三维指标的组合更能反映城市PM污染。本研究结果扩展了我们对PM污染如何响应二维和三维指标的理解，并为城市规划提供了有用信息。
