Ventilation Adjustment in ECT During COVID-19: Voluntary Hyperventilation is an Effective Strategy.

PURPOSE

Airway management is a key objective in adapted electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent infection. The objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness of a modified ventilation procedure designed to reduce aerosol-generating bag-mask ventilation (BMV) and isolate possible droplets while maintaining adequate respiratory gas values in ECT sessions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This prospective study analyzed the results of the modified protocol applied over a month. Adaptations entailed preoxygenation and extension of the voluntary hyperventilation (VHV) time for two minutes before anesthesia induction, asking patients to hyperventilate with oxygen therapy via nasal cannula and while wearing a face mask. Thereafter, vigorous hyperventilation was avoided, and patients were only assisted with tightly sealed BMV until emergence from anesthesia, isolating the ventilation by using a single-use plastic device. Oxygen saturation (SpO) and transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (TcPCO) were recorded throughout the session.

RESULTS

The study included 74 sessions of bilateral ECT with the modified ventilation protocol in 15 subjects. After VHV, the mean SpO increase was 2.12±2.14%, and the mean TcPCO decrease was 4.05±2.98 mmHg. TcPCO values at the moment of stimulus administration were 2.22±3.07 mmHg below pre-ECT values. The mean EEG seizure was 38.70±17.03 s, and postictal suppression was 68.31± 34.58% and 2.13±0.75 on a 0-3 scale. Brief desaturation (SpO <90) of 4-5 seconds duration was observed in 4 sessions.

CONCLUSION

This modified ventilation protocol was effective during COVID-19, and it did not elicit significant side effects. In addition to avoiding vigorous BMV, it induced moderate hypocapnia, which has been tied to seizure optimization and less hypercapnia during the apnea period.