Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
Sleep Med. 2021 Jul;83:214-221. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.037. Epub 2021 May 4.
Sleep problems are elevated in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, until now there has been comparatively little research on the role of autistic traits in this association. The current study examined the association between ADHD symptoms and sleep problems in Japanese preschool children and whether autistic traits might also be important for this relationship.
Data were analyzed from 1053 children (average age 64.14 months, range 58-71; 50.3% male) that were drawn from the Tama Children's Survey (TCS). Parent-reported information was obtained on ADHD symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale Second Edition (SRS-2). Parents also provided information on three different categories of sleep problems experienced by their children - parasomnias, sleep disordered breathing and awakening/daytime problems. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations.
In analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors, the mother's mental health and child's emotional problems, compared to children with no ADHD symptoms or autistic traits, children with only ADHD symptoms had significantly increased odds for only one of 11 individual sleep problems - waking in a negative mood. In contrast, children with comorbid ADHD symptoms and autistic traits had elevated odds for five sleep problems with odds ratios ranging from 2.10 (takes time to become alert in the morning) to 3.46 (excessive body movement while sleeping).
Sleep problems may be especially elevated in children with comorbid ADHD symptoms and autistic traits.
患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童睡眠问题较为突出。然而，到目前为止，关于自闭症特征在这种关联中的作用的研究相对较少。本研究考察了日本学龄前儿童 ADHD 症状与睡眠问题之间的关系，以及自闭症特征是否对这种关系也很重要。
从 Tama 儿童调查（TCS）中抽取了 1053 名儿童（平均年龄 64.14 个月，范围 58-71；50.3%为男性）的数据进行分析。使用《长处与困难问卷》（SDQ）评估 ADHD 症状，使用《社会反应量表第二版》（SRS-2）评估自闭症特征，家长报告了子女三种不同类别的睡眠问题：睡眠障碍、睡眠呼吸障碍和觉醒/日间问题。采用有序逻辑回归分析来检验关联。
在调整了社会人口因素、母亲的心理健康和孩子的情绪问题后，与没有 ADHD 症状或自闭症特征的儿童相比，仅有 ADHD 症状的儿童发生 11 种个别睡眠问题之一（负面情绪醒来）的几率显著增加。相比之下，同时患有 ADHD 症状和自闭症特征的儿童发生五种睡眠问题的几率较高，比值比范围为 2.10（早上醒来需要时间）至 3.46（睡觉时过度身体运动）。
同时患有 ADHD 症状和自闭症特征的儿童睡眠问题可能尤其突出。
