Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan.
Reprod Health. 2021 May 28;18(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01155-2.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the inflammation of the adnexa of the uterus, that mainly manifests in a subclinical/chronic context and goes largely underreported. However, it poses a major threat to women's health, as it is responsible for infertility and ectopic pregnancies, as well as chronic pelvic pain. Previous studies in Jordan have not reported PID, attributed mainly to the social structure of the country which largely represents a sexually conservative population. Our study aims to report the clinical symptoms that point towards PID and investigate the major risk determinants for the Jordanian population, in a cross-sectional study, using our scoring system based only on clinical data and examination.
One hundred sixty-eight consecutive adult women that came in the Outpatient Clinics of Gynaecological Department of the Jordan University Hospital were interviewed and their medical history and symptoms were registered and analysed. A Score for PID symptoms, we developed, was given to each woman. Results and correlations were then statistically tested.
Our study population consisted of relatively young women (37.7 ± 11) that had their first child at an average age of 24.1 (± 4.8) and a mean parity of 3.1 (± 2.2). Fifty-eight women (34.5%) reported having undergone at least one CS, while the mean PID Symptom Score was 3.3 (± 2.3). The women in our study exhibited 8 symptoms of PID, namely dysmenorrhea and vaginal discharge; being the commonest (45.2% and 44.6% respectively), in addition to chronic pelvic pain, pelvic heaviness, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms, and smelly urine. They also reported history of 3 conditions that can be attributed to PID, that is infertility, preterm labour, and miscarriages.
Our PID Scoring System seems to identify the risk factors of PID and predict well the PID likelihood. This score predicts that women with higher parity, who used contraceptives and underwent any invasive medical procedure are expected to score higher in the PID Symptom Score. Our data also suggest that PID should not be ruled out in the Jordanian population when symptoms are compatible to this diagnosis.
盆腔炎（PID）是子宫附件的炎症，主要表现为亚临床/慢性，并在很大程度上未被报告。然而，它对妇女健康构成了重大威胁，因为它是导致不孕和宫外孕以及慢性盆腔疼痛的原因。以前在约旦的研究没有报告 PID，主要归因于该国的社会结构，该结构在很大程度上代表了一个性保守的人群。我们的研究旨在报告指向 PID 的临床症状，并在一项横断面研究中调查约旦人口的主要危险因素，使用我们仅基于临床数据和检查的评分系统。
168 名连续的成年女性在约旦大学医院妇科门诊就诊，对她们的病史和症状进行了登记和分析。我们开发了一种 PID 症状评分系统，为每位女性打分。然后对结果和相关性进行了统计检验。
我们的研究人群由相对年轻的女性组成（37.7±11 岁），她们的初育年龄平均为 24.1（±4.8）岁，平均产次为 3.1（±2.2）。58 名女性（34.5%）报告至少有一次剖宫产，PID 症状评分平均为 3.3（±2.3）。我们研究中的女性表现出 8 种 PID 症状，即痛经和阴道分泌物；最常见的是（分别为 45.2%和 44.6%），此外还有慢性盆腔疼痛、盆腔沉重感、月经过多、性交痛、泌尿道症状和尿液有异味。她们还报告了 3 种可能归因于 PID 的疾病，即不孕、早产和流产。
我们的 PID 评分系统似乎可以识别 PID 的危险因素，并很好地预测 PID 的可能性。该评分预测，产次较高、使用避孕药具和接受任何侵入性医疗程序的女性在 PID 症状评分中得分较高。我们的数据还表明，当症状符合 PID 诊断时，不应排除 PID 在约旦人群中的存在。
