Gupta Meenakshi, Akhtar Jamal, Sarwat Maryam
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Janakpuri, New Delhi 110058, Delhi, India.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Apr;124:127-133. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.025. Epub 2021 May 26.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third prominent cause of cancer mortality, with increasing prevalence and poor survival worldwide. Being diagnosed at an advanced stage, HCC frequently results in poor prognosis, treatment failure, and recurrence. Post-treatment reactivation and recurrence often amplify the immunosuppressed state induced by HCC pathogenesis. Therefore, stimulating the immune system may be a potential therapy measure for the treatment of HCC. Immune responses of the body may be potentiated by modulation of various effector cells such as B-cells, T-cells, Treg cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and other antigen-presenting cells. microRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) are the regulators of gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Various activities and developmental stages of the immune system are governed by miRNAs and they have a regulative impact on innate and adaptive immune cells in both, healthy and diseased conditions. Their misexpression has been associated with the initiation, development, and metastasis of various cancer types, including HCC. This review summarizes the functional impact of these immuno-miRNAs in the improvement of tumor conditions.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是癌症死亡的第三大主要原因，在全球范围内其患病率不断上升且生存率较低。由于HCC常在晚期被诊断出来，因此其预后、治疗效果及复发情况往往较差。治疗后病毒再激活和复发常常会加剧HCC发病机制所诱导的免疫抑制状态。因此，刺激免疫系统可能是治疗HCC的一种潜在治疗措施。机体的免疫反应可通过调节各种效应细胞（如B细胞、T细胞、调节性T细胞、自然杀伤细胞、树突状细胞、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞及其他抗原呈递细胞）来增强。微小RNA（小的非编码RNA）是通过翻译抑制或mRNA降解来调控基因表达的分子。免疫系统的各种活动和发育阶段均受微小RNA的调控，且它们在健康和患病状态下对先天性和适应性免疫细胞均具有调节作用。它们的表达异常与包括HCC在内的多种癌症类型的发生、发展及转移相关。本综述总结了这些免疫微小RNA在改善肿瘤状况方面的功能影响。
