Baumer Katelyn M, Lopez Juan J, Naidu Surabi V, Rajendran Sanjana, Iglesias Miguel A, Carleton Kathleen M, Eisenmann Cheyanne J, Carter Lillian R, Shaw Bryan F
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
Sci Adv. 2021 May 28;7(22). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0691. Print 2021 May.
Handheld models help students visualize three-dimensional (3D) objects, especially students with blindness who use large 3D models to visualize imagery by hand. The mouth has finer tactile sensors than hand, which could improve visualization using microscopic models that are portable, inexpensive, and disposable. The mouth remains unused in tactile learning. Here, we created bite-size 3D models of protein molecules from "gummy bear" gelatin or nontoxic resin. Models were made as small as rice grain and could be coded with flavor and packaged like candy. Mouth, hands, and eyesight were tested at identifying specific structures. Students recognized structures by mouth at 85.59% accuracy, similar to recognition by eyesight using computer animation. Recall accuracy of structures was higher by mouth than hand for 40.91% of students, equal for 31.82%, and lower for 27.27%. The convenient use of entire packs of tiny, cheap, portable models can make 3D imagery more accessible to students.
手持式模型有助于学生直观地观察三维（3D）物体，尤其是失明学生，他们通过触摸大型3D模型来直观感受图像。口腔拥有比手部更精细的触觉传感器，这可以利用便携、廉价且一次性使用的微观模型来改善直观感受。在触觉学习中，口腔尚未得到利用。在此，我们用“小熊软糖”明胶或无毒树脂制作了蛋白质分子的一口大小的3D模型。模型小如米粒，可添加风味编码并像糖果一样包装。对口腔、手部和视力在识别特定结构方面进行了测试。学生通过口腔识别结构的准确率为85.59%，与使用计算机动画通过视力识别的准确率相似。对于40.91%的学生来说，通过口腔回忆结构的准确率高于手部，31.82%的学生两者相当，27.27%的学生通过口腔回忆的准确率低于手部。整包小巧、廉价、便携的模型使用方便，能让学生更易接触到3D图像。
