College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
Animal. 2021 May;15(5):100216. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100216. Epub 2021 May 26.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its constituents have been shown to modify rumen fermentation and improve growth performance. Garlic skin, a by-product of garlic processing, contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. This study aimed to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on growth performance, ruminal microbes, and metabolites in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned to receive a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of garlic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks serving as the adaptation period. The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than those in the CON group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices, including the Chao1 index, the abundance-based coverage estimator value, and the Shannon and Simpson indices. At the genus level, garlic skin supplementation altered the ruminal bacterial composition by increasing (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, and Methanosphaera and decreasing (P < 0.05) the abundance of Fretibacterium. Concentrations of 139 metabolites significantly differed (P < 0.05) between the GAS and the CON groups. Among them, substrates for rumen microbial protein synthesis were enriched in the GAS group. The pathways of pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism were influenced (P < 0.05) by garlic skin supplementation. Integrated correlation analysis also provided a link between the significantly altered rumen microbiota and metabolites. Thus, supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of lambs by modifying rumen fermentation through shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.
大蒜（Allium sativum L.）及其成分已被证明可以改变瘤胃发酵并提高生长性能。大蒜皮是大蒜加工的副产品，含有与大蒜鳞茎相似的生物活性成分。本研究旨在探讨大蒜皮补充剂对反刍动物生长性能、瘤胃微生物和代谢物的影响。12 只湖羊随机分为基础日粮（CON）组或基础日粮添加 80g/kg DM 大蒜皮（GAS）组。试验持续 10 周，前 2 周为适应期。结果表明，与 CON 组相比，饲喂 GAS 的羔羊平均日增重和挥发性脂肪酸浓度较高（P<0.05）。大蒜皮补充剂对α-多样性指数（包括 Chao1 指数、基于丰度的覆盖估计值以及 Shannon 和 Simpson 指数）没有显著影响（P>0.10）。在属水平上，大蒜皮补充剂通过增加（P<0.05）Prevotella、Bulleidia、Howardella 和 Methanosphaera 的相对丰度和降低（P<0.05）Fretibacterium 的丰度来改变瘤胃细菌组成。GAS 和 CON 组之间有 139 种代谢物的浓度存在显著差异（P<0.05）。其中，瘤胃微生物蛋白合成的底物在 GAS 组中富集。大蒜皮补充剂影响了嘧啶代谢、嘌呤代谢和维生素 B6 代谢途径（P<0.05）。综合相关分析还提供了瘤胃微生物和代谢物之间显著变化的联系。因此，通过改变瘤胃微生物组和代谢组，补充大蒜皮可以改善羔羊的生长性能。
