Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
Anal Chim Acta. 2021 Jul 11;1168:338474. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338474. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful technique for sensitive analysis which is attracting great attention in the last decades. In this review, different gold nanostructures that have been exploited for SERS analysis are described, ranging from gold nanospheres to anisotropic and complex-shaped gold nanostructures, in which the presence of high aspect ratio features leads to an increment of the electromagnetic field at the surface of the nanomaterial, resulting in enhanced SERS response. In addition to the shape of the nanostructure, the interparticle nanogaps play a prominent role in the SERS efficiency. In this sense, different approaches such as nanoaggregation and formation of assemblies and ordered structures lead to the creation of the so-called hot spots. SERS measurements may be performed in solution, while usually the nanostructures are deposited building a SERS substrate, which can be created via attachment of chemically prepared gold nanostructures, as well as via top-down physical methods. Among the classical supports for creating the SERS substrates, in the last years there is a trend towards the development of flexible supports based on polymers as well as paper. Finally, some recent applications of gold nanostructures-based SERS substrates within the analytical field are discussed to spotlight the potential of this technique in real-world analytical scenarios.
表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）是一种强大的灵敏分析技术，在过去几十年中引起了极大的关注。在这篇综述中，描述了不同的金纳米结构被用于 SERS 分析，范围从金纳米球到各向异性和复杂形状的金纳米结构，其中高纵横比特征的存在导致纳米材料表面电磁场的增强，从而增强了 SERS 响应。除了纳米结构的形状外，颗粒间的纳米间隙在 SERS 效率中起着突出的作用。在这方面，不同的方法，如纳米聚集和组装和有序结构的形成，导致所谓的热点的产生。SERS 测量可以在溶液中进行，而通常纳米结构通过构建 SERS 基底来沉积，这可以通过化学制备的金纳米结构的附着以及通过自上而下的物理方法来实现。在创建 SERS 基底的经典支持中，近年来出现了一种基于聚合物和纸张的柔性支撑的发展趋势。最后，讨论了基于金纳米结构的 SERS 基底在分析领域中的一些最新应用，以突出该技术在实际分析场景中的潜力。
