Liu Zeyan, Yang Renqing, Chen Haili, Zhang Xinai
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Foods. 2025 Mar 24;14(7):1115. doi: 10.3390/foods14071115.
Food safety is directly related to human health and has attracted intense attention all over the world. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), as a rapid and selective technique, has been widely applied in monitoring food safety. SERS substrates, as an essential factor for sensing design, greatly influence the analytical performance. Currently, nanostructure-based SERS substrates have garnered significant interest due to their excellent merits in improving the sensitivity, specificity, and stability, holding great potential for the rapid and accurate sensing of food contaminants in complex matrices. This review summarizes the fundamentals of Raman spectroscopy and the used nanostructures for designing the SERS platform, including precious metal nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, polymers, and semiconductors. Moreover, it introduces the mechanisms and applications of nanostructures for enhancing SERS signals for monitoring hazardous substances, such as foodborne bacteria, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, food additives, illegal adulterants, and packaging material contamination. Finally, with the continuous progress of nanostructure technology and the continuous improvement of SERS technology, its application prospect in food safety testing will be broader.
食品安全直接关系到人类健康，已引起全球的高度关注。表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）作为一种快速且具有选择性的技术，已广泛应用于食品安全监测。SERS基底作为传感设计的关键因素，对分析性能有很大影响。目前，基于纳米结构的SERS基底因其在提高灵敏度、特异性和稳定性方面的优异优点而备受关注，在快速准确检测复杂基质中的食品污染物方面具有巨大潜力。本文综述了拉曼光谱的基本原理以及用于设计SERS平台的纳米结构，包括贵金属纳米颗粒、金属有机框架、聚合物和半导体。此外，还介绍了纳米结构增强SERS信号以监测有害物质的机制和应用，如食源性细菌、农药和兽药残留、食品添加剂、非法掺假物以及包装材料污染。最后，随着纳米结构技术的不断进步和SERS技术的不断完善，其在食品安全检测中的应用前景将更加广阔。
