J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021 Sep-Oct;61(5):596-604. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.04.017. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
Over the past 2 decades, pharmacists have positioned immunization services as an important aspect of their expanding role in patient care.
To examine how community chain pharmacists view time spent on immunization, available in-store resources and barriers, and pharmacy technician involvement in the context of their views about the achievement of key National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) Standards of Adult Immunization Practice in their workplace.
A representative, nationwide survey was administered electronically to chain community pharmacists over a 4-week period. Community pharmacists offering year-round immunization in retail chain, supermarket, and mass-merchant settings, randomly sampled from a database maintained by the American Pharmacists Association. We examined several sets of interrelated relationships regarding pharmacists' perceived achievement of 3 key NVAC standards (assessment, recommendation and administration), time spent on the overall immunization process, the effectiveness of available in-store resources, immunization impediments, and the endorsement of increased technician involvement in community pharmacy-based immunization service (PBIS) delivery.
A sample of 590 survey responses was obtained from 9717 e-mails delivered, with 489 deemed eligible (5% response rate). Sizeable numbers of pharmacists acknowledged that several activities integral to achieving optimal immunization levels were not being addressed. Although pharmacists accepted that appropriately trained pharmacy technicians should be able to ask (77%) and assess (66%) patients, only 24% agreed that technicians should be able to administer vaccine doses. Pharmacists satisfied with in-store immunization resources and technicians' involvement were more likely to report achieving the 3 key NVAC standards. Paradoxically, how pharmacists viewed their immunization time expenditures was unrelated to whether they agreed that pharmacy technicians should have an expanded role in asking, assessing, or administering vaccines to their patients.
Overall, community pharmacies would likely better meet national immunization goals by achieving all 3 key NVAC standards and incorporating expanded roles for appropriately trained and supervised technicians in PBIS.
在过去的 20 年中，药剂师将免疫服务定位为其在患者护理中扩大作用的重要方面。
研究社区连锁药剂师如何看待在免疫方面所花费的时间、可利用的店内资源和障碍，以及药剂师在其工作场所对实现国家疫苗咨询委员会（NVAC）成人免疫实践关键标准的看法中，对药房技术员参与的看法。
在 4 周的时间内，通过电子方式向连锁社区药剂师进行了一项具有代表性的全国性调查。从美国药剂师协会维护的数据库中随机抽取了在零售连锁店、超市和大型零售商环境中全年提供免疫服务的连锁社区药剂师。我们研究了几组相互关联的关系，涉及药剂师对 3 项关键 NVAC 标准（评估、建议和管理）的感知实现程度、在整个免疫过程上花费的时间、可用店内资源的有效性、免疫障碍以及对增加在社区药剂师主导的免疫服务（PBIS）提供方面增加技术员参与的认可。
从发送的 9717 封电子邮件中获得了 590 份调查回复的样本，其中 489 份被认为符合条件（5%的回复率）。相当数量的药剂师承认，一些对实现最佳免疫水平至关重要的活动尚未得到解决。尽管药剂师认为受过适当培训的药房技术员应该能够询问（77%）和评估（66%）患者，但只有 24%的药剂师同意技术员应该能够接种疫苗。对店内免疫资源和技术员参与感到满意的药剂师更有可能报告实现 3 项关键 NVAC 标准。矛盾的是，药剂师如何看待他们的免疫时间支出与他们是否同意药房技术员在询问、评估或向患者接种疫苗方面应发挥更大作用无关。
总体而言，通过实现所有 3 项关键 NVAC 标准，并在 PBIS 中纳入经过适当培训和监督的技术员的扩展角色，社区药房可能更能满足国家免疫目标。
