Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Hospital, MSC11 6025, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC11 6025, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Crit Care Clin. 2021 Jul;37(3):501-516. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2021.03.003.
Over the last 2 decades, prescription and nonprescription substance use has significantly increased. In this article, 3 particular drug classes-opioids, sedatives, and hypnotics-are discussed. For each class, a brief history of the agent, a description of relevant pharmacology, the clinical presentation of overdose, the management of specific drug overdoses, and a summary of salient points are presented. The intent is to provide a clinically relevant and comprehensive approach to understanding these potential substance exposures in order to provide a framework for management of opioid, sedative, and hypnotic overdoses.
在过去的 20 年里，处方和非处方药物的使用显著增加。本文讨论了三类特定的药物：阿片类药物、镇静剂和催眠药。对于每一类药物，本文简要介绍了药物的历史、相关药理学描述、过量的临床表现、特定药物过量的处理方法以及要点总结。目的是提供一种临床相关且全面的方法来理解这些潜在的物质暴露，以便为阿片类药物、镇静剂和催眠药过量的管理提供一个框架。
