Shang Yao, Yang Shi-Yong
Faculty of Athletics and Swimming, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 May 14;12:649677. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649677. eCollection 2021.
Athlete burnout is a crucial concern affecting the development and athletic performance of young weightlifters. To reduce or relieve the prevalence of athlete burnout, this study examined the relationship across social support, sports motivation, mental toughness, and athlete burnout in weightlifters. A total of 315 weightlifters aged 17-28 years old (151 males, 164 females; = 18.89 years, = 3.66) from Sichuan, Chongqing, and Shanxi in China participated in this survey. The Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire (PASS-Q), Sports Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ), Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) were used in this study. SPSS Statistics 19.0, AMOS 21.0, and PROCESS 3.0 macro were used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that weightlifters' social support could negatively significantly affect athlete burnout [beta = -0.398; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.3699, -0.2184; < 0.05) mental toughness and sports motivation. The mediation analysis revealed that they had partial mediating effect, including three paths: First, social support had a direct effect on athlete burnout (beta = -0.150; 95% CI: -0.1824, -0.0397; < 0.05); second, sport mental toughness had a mediating effect on athlete burnout (beta = -0.113; 95% CI: -0.1703, -0.0631; < 0.05); and finally, sports motivation had a mediating effect on athlete burnout (beta = -0.124; 95% CI: -0.1751, -0.0793; < 0.05). The findings revealed that social support could inhibit or prevent athlete burnout mental toughness and sports motivation; thus, to decrease or relieve the prevalence of burnout in weightlifters, it is an important solution to enhance their social support.
运动员倦怠是影响年轻举重运动员发展和运动表现的一个关键问题。为了降低或缓解运动员倦怠的发生率，本研究考察了举重运动员的社会支持、运动动机、心理韧性与运动员倦怠之间的关系。来自中国四川、重庆和山西的315名年龄在17至28岁之间的举重运动员（151名男性，164名女性；平均年龄 = 18.89岁，标准差 = 3.66）参与了本次调查。本研究使用了体育领域感知可用支持问卷（PASS-Q）、运动动机问卷（SMQ）、运动心理韧性问卷（SMTQ）和运动员倦怠问卷（ABQ）。使用SPSS Statistics 19.0、AMOS 21.0和PROCESS 3.0宏程序对收集到的数据进行分析。结果表明，举重运动员的社会支持能够对运动员倦怠产生显著的负向影响[β = -0.398；95%置信区间（CI）：-0.3699，-0.2184；P < 0.05]，同时对心理韧性和运动动机也有影响。中介分析表明，它们具有部分中介效应，包括三条路径：第一，社会支持对运动员倦怠有直接影响（β = -0.150；95% CI：-0.1824，-0.0397；P < 0.05）；第二，运动心理韧性对运动员倦怠有中介效应（β = -0.113；95% CI：-0.1703，-0.0631；P < 0.05）；最后，运动动机对运动员倦怠有中介效应（β = -0.124；95% CI：-0.1751，-0.0793；P < 0.05）。研究结果表明，社会支持可以通过心理韧性和运动动机来抑制或预防运动员倦怠；因此，为了降低或缓解举重运动员倦怠的发生率，增强他们的社会支持是一个重要的解决办法。
