Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Social Sciences and Communication, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 9;17(14):4941. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17144941.
The purpose of the present research was to analyze the mediating role of motivational regulation between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and burnout and engagement in athletes. From different sports 1011 young Spanish athletes participated in the study. Participants completed several measurement instruments concerning: the Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale, Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and Athlete Engagement Questionnaire. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs has direct effects on burnout and engagement: a negative effect on athlete burnout (-0.49, < 0.001) and a positive effect on engagement (0.54, < 0.001). In addition, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs has a partial indirect effect over these variables in the same direction mediated by the self-determined degree of motivation. Thus, low levels of self-regulated motivation are positively related to burnout, but high levels of self-determined motivation are not. The same was observed with engagement, but vice versa: high levels of self-determined motivation are positively related to athlete engagement, but low levels of self-determined motivation are not. The proposed model explained 37% of the variance of burnout and 51% of the variance of engagement.
本研究旨在分析动机调节在运动员基本心理需求满足与倦怠和投入之间的中介作用。1011 名来自不同运动项目的年轻西班牙运动员参与了这项研究。参与者完成了多项测量工具，包括：运动中的基本需求满足量表、运动行为调节问卷、运动员倦怠问卷和运动员投入问卷。结构方程模型的结果表明，基本心理需求的满足对倦怠和投入有直接影响：对运动员倦怠有负向影响（-0.49，<0.001），对投入有正向影响（0.54，<0.001）。此外，基本心理需求的满足对这些变量具有部分间接影响，其方向由动机的自我决定程度介导。因此，低水平的自我调节动机与倦怠呈正相关，但高水平的自我决定动机则不然。投入也是如此，但相反：高水平的自我决定动机与运动员投入呈正相关，而低水平的自我决定动机则不然。所提出的模型解释了 37%的倦怠方差和 51%的投入方差。
