Rapacka-Zdończyk Aleksandra, Woźniak Agata, Michalska Klaudia, Pierański Michał, Ogonowska Patrycja, Grinholc Mariusz, Nakonieczna Joanna
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 May 12;8:642609. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.642609. eCollection 2021.
Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (aPDI) is an excellent method to destroy antibiotic-resistant microbial isolates. The use of an exogenous photosensitizer or irradiation of microbial cells already equipped with endogenous photosensitizers makes aPDI a convenient tool for treating the infections whenever technical light delivery is possible. Currently, aPDI research carried out on a vast repertoire of depending on the photosensitizer used, the target microorganism, and the light delivery system shows efficacy mostly on models. The search for mechanisms underlying different responses to photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is an essential issue in aPDI because one niche (e.g., infection site in a human body) may have bacterial subpopulations that will exhibit different susceptibility. Rapidly growing bacteria are probably more susceptible to aPDI than persister cells. Some subpopulations can produce more antioxidant enzymes or have better performance due to efficient efflux pumps. The ultimate goal was and still is to identify and characterize molecular features that drive the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. To this end, we examined several genetic and biochemical characteristics, including the presence of individual genetic elements, protein activity, cell membrane content and its physical properties, the localization of the photosensitizer, with the result that some of them are important and others do not appear to play a crucial role in the process of aPDI. In the review, we would like to provide an overview of the factors studied so far in our group and others that contributed to the aPDI process at the cellular level. We want to challenge the question, is there a general pattern of molecular characterization of aPDI effectiveness? Or is it more likely that a photosensitizer-specific pattern of molecular characteristics of aPDI efficacy will occur?
微生物的光动力灭活（aPDI）是一种消灭耐抗生素微生物分离株的优秀方法。使用外源性光敏剂或对已配备内源性光敏剂的微生物细胞进行照射，使得aPDI成为一种在技术上能够进行光传递时治疗感染的便捷工具。目前，根据所使用的光敏剂、目标微生物和光传递系统，对大量微生物进行的aPDI研究大多在模型上显示出有效性。探寻微生物对光动力灭活产生不同反应的潜在机制是aPDI中的一个重要问题，因为一个生态位（例如人体中的感染部位）可能存在表现出不同敏感性的细菌亚群。快速生长的细菌可能比持留菌对aPDI更敏感。一些亚群可以产生更多抗氧化酶，或者由于高效的外排泵而具有更好的性能。最终目标过去是现在仍然是识别和表征驱动抗菌光动力灭活效果的分子特征。为此，我们研究了几个遗传和生化特征，包括单个遗传元件的存在、蛋白质活性、细胞膜含量及其物理性质、光敏剂的定位，结果发现其中一些特征很重要，而其他一些特征在aPDI过程中似乎并不起关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们希望概述我们小组以及其他小组迄今为止研究的、在细胞水平上对aPDI过程有贡献的因素。我们想探讨这个问题，aPDI有效性的分子特征是否存在一般模式？或者更有可能出现的是aPDI疗效的光敏剂特异性分子特征模式？
