Pezeshki Adel, Chelikani Prasanth K
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States.
Front Nutr. 2021 May 13;8:655833. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.655833. eCollection 2021.
Low protein diets are associated with increased lifespan and improved cardiometabolic health primarily in rodents, and likely improve human health. There is strong evidence that moderate to severe reduction in dietary protein content markedly influences caloric intake and energy expenditure, which is often followed by a decrease in body weight and adiposity in animal models. While the neuroendocrine signals that trigger hyperphagic responses to protein restriction are better understood, there is accumulating evidence that increased sympathetic flux to brown adipose tissue, fibroblast growth factor-21 and serotonergic signaling are important for the thermogenic effects of low protein diets. This mini-review specifically focuses on the effect of low protein diets with variable carbohydrate and lipid content on energy intake and expenditure, and the underlying mechanisms of actions by these diets. Understanding the mechanisms by which protein restriction influences energy balance may unveil novel approaches for treating metabolic disorders in humans and improve production efficiency in domestic animals.
低蛋白饮食主要在啮齿动物中与寿命延长和心脏代谢健康改善相关，并且可能改善人类健康。有强有力的证据表明，饮食中蛋白质含量适度至大幅降低会显著影响热量摄入和能量消耗，在动物模型中通常随后会出现体重和肥胖程度的下降。虽然引发对蛋白质限制产生食欲亢进反应的神经内分泌信号已得到更好的理解，但越来越多的证据表明，增加对棕色脂肪组织的交感神经通量、成纤维细胞生长因子21和血清素能信号传导对于低蛋白饮食的产热作用很重要。本综述特别关注碳水化合物和脂质含量不同的低蛋白饮食对能量摄入和消耗的影响，以及这些饮食的潜在作用机制。了解蛋白质限制影响能量平衡的机制可能会揭示治疗人类代谢紊乱的新方法，并提高家畜的生产效率。
