Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.
Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Compr Physiol. 2021 May 31;11(3):2047-2073. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c200014.
In this article, we focus on mammalian calcium absorption across the intestinal epithelium in normal physiology. Intestinal calcium transport is essential for supplying calcium for metabolism and bone mineralization. Dietary calcium is transported across the mucosal epithelia via saturable transcellular and nonsaturable paracellular pathways, both of which are under the regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and several other endocrine and paracrine factors, such as parathyroid hormone, prolactin, 17β-estradiol, calcitonin, and fibroblast growth factor-23. Calcium absorption occurs in several segments of the small and large intestine with varying rates and capacities. Segmental heterogeneity also includes differential expression of calcium transporters/carriers (e.g., transient receptor potential cation channel and calbindin-D ) and the presence of favorable factors (e.g., pH, luminal contents, and gut motility). Other proteins and transporters (e.g., plasma membrane vitamin D receptor and voltage-dependent calcium channels), as well as vesicular calcium transport that probably contributes to intestinal calcium absorption, are also discussed. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-27, 2021.
本文重点介绍正常生理条件下哺乳动物通过肠道上皮吸收钙的情况。肠道钙转运对于为代谢和骨骼矿化提供钙至关重要。膳食钙通过黏膜上皮细胞的可饱和的跨细胞和不可饱和的细胞旁途径进行转运，这两种途径都受 1,25-二羟维生素 D 和其他几种内分泌和旁分泌因子的调节，如甲状旁腺激素、催乳素、17β-雌二醇、降钙素和成纤维细胞生长因子 23。钙吸收发生在小肠和大肠的几个节段，其吸收速度和能力不同。节段异质性还包括钙转运体/载体（如瞬时受体电位阳离子通道和钙结合蛋白-D）的差异表达以及有利因素（如 pH 值、腔内容物和肠道蠕动）的存在。还讨论了其他蛋白质和转运体（如质膜维生素 D 受体和电压依赖性钙通道）以及可能有助于肠道钙吸收的囊泡钙转运。 2021 年美国生理学会。综合生理学 11:1-27, 2021.
