Naber E C, Vogt H, Harnish S, Krieg R, Ueberschaer K H, Rauch H W
Department of Poultry Science, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
Poult Sci. 1988 Mar;67(3):455-62. doi: 10.3382/ps.0670455.
Field beans (faba beans, broad beans, horse beans, ackerbohnen, Vicia faba L.) depress weight of eggs when fed to laying hens. Vicine isolated from field beans has been shown to depress egg weight and hatchability when fed in large amounts. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of using three varieties of field beans, varying in tannin and total vicines content, at 20% in breeder diets on reproductive performance of hens and associated vicine transfer from the diet to the egg. Data on egg production, feed consumption, egg weight, body weight, egg quality, hatchability, and hen blood chemistry were obtained. Direct spectrophotometric and high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analyses of field beans, egg albumen, and egg yolk were conducted. Performance of the hens was excellent on all production characteristics except that there was a nonsignificant reduction in egg weight, a significant reduction in egg shell thickness for hens fed all three types of field beans, and a highly significant reduction in hatchability of eggs from hens fed one but not the other two sources of field beans. The hatchability effect was not correlated with vicine or tannin content of the field beans and only traces of vicine were transferred to the egg by the hen from the diet. Although larger amounts of vicine depressed hatchability when injected into fertile eggs, the trace amounts found in eggs from feeding field beans did not account for the reduction in hatchability observed in this study. It is possible that the hydrolysis product of vicine, divicine or the analogous product from convicine, isouramil, or both, may be involved in toxicity, because these substances are known to be the cause of a hemolytic anemia in some humans that suffer from favism due to consumption of field beans.
给产蛋母鸡饲喂蚕豆（也叫蚕豆、阔豆、马豆、冬蚕豆、野豌豆）会降低蛋的重量。已证明从蚕豆中分离出的巢菜碱大量喂食时会降低蛋重和孵化率。本研究旨在确定在种鸡日粮中使用三种单宁和总巢菜碱含量不同的蚕豆品种（添加量为20%）对母鸡繁殖性能的影响，以及日粮中的巢菜碱向蛋中的转移情况。收集了产蛋量、采食量、蛋重、体重、蛋品质、孵化率和母鸡血液生化指标的数据。对蚕豆、蛋清和蛋黄进行了直接分光光度法和高压液相色谱（HPLC）分析。除了蛋重有不显著降低、饲喂所有三种蚕豆品种的母鸡蛋壳厚度显著降低，以及饲喂其中一种蚕豆来源（而非另外两种）的母鸡所产蛋的孵化率极显著降低外，母鸡在所有生产性能特征方面表现良好。孵化率的影响与蚕豆中的巢菜碱或单宁含量无关，母鸡从日粮中转移到蛋中的巢菜碱仅为痕量。虽然向受精卵中注射大量巢菜碱会降低孵化率，但在喂食蚕豆的蛋中发现的痕量巢菜碱并不能解释本研究中观察到的孵化率降低情况。巢菜碱的水解产物二氢巢菜碱或伴巢菜碱的类似产物异脲嘧啶，或两者，可能与毒性有关，因为已知这些物质是某些因食用蚕豆而患蚕豆病的人发生溶血性贫血的原因。
