1Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA),UR83 Recherches Avicoles,37380 Nouzilly,France.
2Department of Oncology,University of Torino,Via Santena 5 bis,10126 Torino,Italy.
Animal. 2017 Aug;11(8):1270-1278. doi: 10.1017/S1751731116002688. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a potential source of proteins for poultry, mainly for laying hens whose protein requirements are lower than those of other birds such as growing broilers and turkeys. However, this feedstuff contains anti-nutritional factors, that is, vicine (V) and convicine (C) that are already known to reduce laying hen performance. The aim of the experiment reported here was to evaluate the effects of a wide range of dietary V and C concentrations in laying hens. Two trials were performed with laying hens fed diets including 20% or 25% of faba bean genotypes highly contrasting in V+C content. In Trial 1, faba beans from two tannin-containing cultivars, but with high or low V+C content were dehulled in order to eliminate the tannin effect. In addition to the contrasting levels of V+C in the two cultivars, two intermediate levels of V+C were obtained by mixing the two cultivars (70/30 and 30/70). In Trial 2, two isogenic zero-tannin faba bean genotypes with high or low V+C content were used. In both trials, a classical corn-soybean diet was also offered to control hens. Each experimental diet was given to 48 laying hens for 140 (Trial 1) or 89 (Trial 2) days. Laying performance and egg quality were measured. The redox sensitivity of red blood cells (RBCs) was assessed by measuring hemolysis and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in these cells. Egg weight was significantly reduced by the diets containing the highest concentrations of V+C (P<0.0001) in Trial 1 and slightly reduced (P<0.10) in Trial 2, but only weak linear relationships between egg weight and dietary V+C concentration were established. No negative effect of V+C level was observed for egg quality parameters. In contrast, certain parameters (i.e. Haugh units, yolk color) were improved by feeding low V+C diets (P<0.05). Hemolysis of RBCs was higher in hens fed high V+C diets. A decrease in GSH concentration in RBCs of hens fed the highest levels of V+C was observed. Faba bean genotypes with low concentrations of V+C can therefore be used in laying hen diets up to 25% without any detrimental effects on performance levels or egg characteristics, without any risk of hemolysis of RBCs.
蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）是家禽蛋白质的潜在来源，主要用于产蛋母鸡，其蛋白质需求低于其他鸟类，如生长肉鸡和火鸡。然而，这种饲料含有抗营养因子，即已被证明会降低产蛋母鸡性能的黎豆氨酸（V）和伴豆氨酸（C）。本报告中的实验旨在评估产蛋母鸡中广泛的饲料 V 和 C 浓度的影响。用含有 20%或 25%高 V+C 含量蚕豆基因型的日粮饲喂产蛋母鸡进行了两项试验。在试验 1 中，对来自两个含单宁品种的蚕豆进行去皮处理，以消除单宁的影响，但这两个品种的 V+C 含量仍然很高。除了两个品种之间 V+C 含量的差异外，还通过混合两个品种（70/30 和 30/70）获得了两个中间 V+C 水平。在试验 2 中，使用了两个具有高或低 V+C 含量的同基因零单宁蚕豆基因型。在这两项试验中，还提供了经典的玉米-大豆日粮来控制母鸡。每种试验日粮均提供给 48 只产蛋母鸡，试验 1 期 140 天，试验 2 期 89 天。测量产蛋性能和蛋品质。通过测量这些细胞的溶血和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）浓度来评估红细胞（RBC）的氧化还原敏感性。在试验 1 中，含有最高 V+C 浓度的日粮显著降低了蛋重（P<0.0001），在试验 2 中略有降低（P<0.10），但仅建立了蛋重与日粮 V+C 浓度之间的弱线性关系。在蛋品质参数方面，没有观察到 V+C 水平的负面影响。相反，用低 V+C 日粮饲喂时，某些参数（即哈夫单位、蛋黄颜色）得到改善（P<0.05）。饲喂高 V+C 日粮的母鸡的 RBC 溶血率更高。还观察到喂食最高 V+C 水平的母鸡 RBC 中 GSH 浓度降低。因此，在产蛋母鸡日粮中使用 V+C 浓度低的蚕豆基因型高达 25%，不会对性能水平或蛋特性产生任何不利影响，也不会增加 RBC 溶血的风险。
