Prewitt T E, Haynes S G, Graves K, Haines P S, Tyroler H A
Department of Nutrition and Medical Dietitics, College of Associated Health Professions, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680.
Prev Med. 1988 May;17(3):247-62. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(88)90001-1.
Our specific aim was to assess differences in nutrient intake and in lipids and lipoprotein cholesterols between blacks and whites in 259 black children (129 boys, 130 girls) and in 811 white children (424 boys, 387 girls) ages 5-19. The nutrient intake data were obtained by 24-hr recall from the Houston and Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinics. The fundamental nutrient differences between blacks and whites were in total calories and in calories per kilogram of body weight, both of which were uniformly and significantly lower among black than white boys and generally, but less consistently and significantly, lower among black than white girls. No racial differences in total cholesterol or cholesterol intake per kilogram body weight were observed. After statistically controlling for education of the head of household, there were no consistent significant racial differences in Quetelet index. There was no significant independent effect of education of head of household on the children's caloric intake and racial differences in socioeconomic status did not appear to systematically account for differences in total energy intake. In aggregate, black children had lower triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than whites; there were no significant differences by race in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Race was a significant independent explanatory variable for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (higher in blacks) and for very-low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels (higher in whites) (P less than 0.005), after covariance adjusting for education of head of household, sex, age, Quetelet index, calories, saturated fat (g/day/kg body wt), and clinic. Lower caloric intake among blacks compared with whites, the major nutrient difference in the current study, did not account for differences in lipoprotein cholesterol levels between the two groups.
我们的具体目标是评估259名黑人儿童（129名男孩，130名女孩）和811名5至19岁白人儿童（424名男孩，387名女孩）在营养摄入、脂质及脂蛋白胆固醇方面的差异。营养摄入数据通过对休斯顿和辛辛那提脂质研究诊所进行的24小时回顾调查获得。黑人和白人在基本营养方面的差异在于总热量以及每千克体重的热量，这两项指标在黑人男孩中均一致且显著低于白人男孩，在黑人女孩中总体上低于白人女孩，但不太一致且显著程度较低。未观察到总胆固醇或每千克体重胆固醇摄入量的种族差异。在对户主教育程度进行统计学控制后，体重指数方面没有一致的显著种族差异。户主教育程度对儿童热量摄入没有显著的独立影响，社会经济地位的种族差异似乎也无法系统地解释总能量摄入的差异。总体而言，黑人儿童的甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较低，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高于白人；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平在种族上没有显著差异。在对户主教育程度、性别、年龄、体重指数、热量、饱和脂肪（克/天/千克体重）和诊所进行协方差调整后，种族是高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平（黑人较高）以及极低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平（白人较高）的显著独立解释变量（P<0.005）。本研究中黑人和白人之间的主要营养差异，即黑人热量摄入较低，无法解释两组之间脂蛋白胆固醇水平的差异。
