Gartside P S, Khoury P, Glueck C J
Am Heart J. 1984 Sep;108(3 Pt 2):641-53. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90649-5.
In 19,521 subjects (8259 and 8561 white males and females; 1299 and 1402 black males and females) in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), we assessed black-white differences as major determinants of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to determine whether, and to what degree, higher levels of HDL cholesterol in blacks can be accounted for by black-white differences in nutrient intake, relative ponderosity, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, leisure-time and habitual physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes. Lower intake of carbohydrate in blacks would be congruent with their higher levels of HDL cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels. In male and female youths and in adult males, there were no substantial black-white differences in Quetelet index; much higher Quetelet indices in black adolescent and adult females compared with whites would be consistent with the narrowing of black-white HDL cholesterol and triglyceride differences in females. There were no substantial differences between blacks and whites in frequency of alcoholic beverage intake, and it seems unlikely that differences in HDL cholesterol levels can be attributed to higher alcohol intake in blacks. Overall, blacks were more likely to have diabetes, were more often hypertensive, and were more often treated with antihypertensive agents; these factors would tend to reduce black-white differences in HDL cholesterol. Heavier smoking rates in whites might augment black-white differences in HDL cholesterol levels. There were no consistent black-white differences in leisure-time activity, although habitual physical activity was at a higher level in blacks. It seems unlikely, overall, that physical activity could account for black-white differences in HDL cholesterol. We speculate that whereas environment has a substantial effect on HDL cholesterol in both blacks and whites, there must be a substantial "genetic" vector accounting for higher levels of HDL cholesterol in blacks.
在第二次全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES II）的19521名受试者（8259名和8561名白人男性及女性；1299名和1402名黑人男性及女性）中，我们评估了黑人和白人之间的差异，将其作为高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇的主要决定因素，以确定黑人中较高的HDL胆固醇水平在多大程度上可归因于黑人和白人在营养摄入、相对肥胖程度、酒精摄入、吸烟、休闲时间和习惯性身体活动、高血压及糖尿病方面的差异。黑人碳水化合物摄入量较低，这与他们较高的HDL胆固醇水平和较低的甘油三酯水平相符。在青年男性和女性以及成年男性中，体重指数（Quetelet指数）在黑人和白人之间没有显著差异；与白人相比，黑人青少年和成年女性的体重指数要高得多，这与女性中黑人和白人HDL胆固醇及甘油三酯差异的缩小是一致的。黑人和白人在酒精饮料摄入频率上没有显著差异，HDL胆固醇水平的差异似乎不太可能归因于黑人较高的酒精摄入量。总体而言，黑人患糖尿病的可能性更高，高血压的发生率更高，并且更常接受抗高血压药物治疗；这些因素往往会缩小黑人和白人在HDL胆固醇方面的差异。白人较高的吸烟率可能会扩大黑人和白人在HDL胆固醇水平上的差异。休闲时间活动方面，黑人和白人之间没有一致的差异，尽管黑人的习惯性身体活动水平较高。总体而言，身体活动似乎不太可能解释黑人和白人在HDL胆固醇方面的差异。我们推测，虽然环境对黑人和白人的HDL胆固醇都有很大影响，但必然存在一个重要的“遗传”因素来解释黑人中较高的HDL胆固醇水平。
