Health Sciences Studies, Universitat Oberta De Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain.
Dpt. Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Chronobiol Int. 2021 Nov;38(11):1522-1536. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1933003. Epub 2021 Jun 1.
Chronobiology is the scientific discipline of study of biological rhythms, a term that has gained ground in the sports world. Recently numerous studies have indicated that the time of day in which sports are practiced influences the achievement of good physical performance. The aim of this review was to study the relationship between circadian rhythms and physical performance, according to the latest published data. In addition, the physiological processes involved in the physical response and the differences according to the type of sport and athletes' characteristics were studied. A bibliographic search was carried out through five databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Researcher Gate, Google Scholar, UOC Library), focusing on articles published in the last ten years and written in English and Spanish. 36 papers met the inclusion criteria. Body temperature is a factor that shows a circadian pattern with a marked peak in the later afternoon, time of the day at which physical performance is at its highest, i.e. speed, agility, distance covered, jumping power. The perception of effort is also higher in the afternoon. Regarding the chronotype, evening types seem to be the most affected to do sports out of their optimal time-of-day. The tendency shows more morning types as age increases. Training sessions should be planned according to the optimal time of day for each athlete. It's essential to take into account individual chronotype. The desynchronization of circadian rhythms can cause a decrease in physical performance.
时间生物学是研究生物节律的科学学科，这个术语在体育界已经得到了广泛应用。最近的许多研究表明，运动的时间会影响身体表现的好坏。本综述旨在根据最新发表的数据研究昼夜节律与身体表现之间的关系。此外，还研究了与身体反应相关的生理过程以及根据运动类型和运动员特点的差异。通过五个数据库（Pubmed、Scopus、Researcher Gate、Google Scholar、UOC 图书馆）进行了文献检索，重点是关注在过去十年中以英语和西班牙语撰写的文章。符合纳入标准的有 36 篇论文。体温是一种具有昼夜节律模式的因素，在下午晚些时候达到峰值，此时身体表现达到最高水平，即速度、敏捷性、距离、跳跃力。下午的努力感也更高。关于时间类型，夜间型似乎最容易在非最佳时间进行运动。随着年龄的增长，这种趋势表现出更多的清晨型。训练课程应根据每个运动员的最佳时间进行安排。必须考虑到个体的时间类型。昼夜节律的失同步会导致身体表现下降。
