Division of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy..
Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Microvasc Res. 2021 Nov;138:104189. doi: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104189. Epub 2021 May 29.
Tumor-associated vessels constitution is the result of angiogenesis, the hallmark of cancer essential for tumor to develop in dimension and to spread throughout the organism. Tumor endothelium is configured as an active functioning organ capable of determine interaction with the immune response and all the other components of the variegate cancer microenvironment, determining reciprocal influence. Angiogenesis is here analyzed in its molecular and cellular mechanisms, multiple mediators and principal players, represented by Endothelial Cells. It is discussed the striking heterogeneity of cancer endothelium, due to morphological and molecular aberrations that it often presents and its multiple origin. Among the cells that participate to the composition of tumor vasculature, Endothelial Progenitor Cells represent an important source for physical sustain and paracrine signaling in the process of angiogenesis. Treatment options are reviewed, with particular focus on novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming tumor resistance to anti-angiogenic agents.
肿瘤相关血管的组成是血管生成的结果，是肿瘤在体积上发展和扩散到整个机体所必需的癌症标志。肿瘤内皮细胞被构造成一个活跃的功能器官，能够与免疫反应和癌症微环境的所有其他成分相互作用，决定相互影响。在这里，我们分析了血管生成的分子和细胞机制，以及多种介质和主要参与者，即内皮细胞。本文讨论了由于其经常表现出的形态和分子异常以及其多源性，导致肿瘤内皮细胞的显著异质性。在参与肿瘤血管生成的细胞中，内皮祖细胞是血管生成过程中物理支持和旁分泌信号的重要来源。我们还回顾了治疗选择，特别关注克服肿瘤对抗血管生成药物的耐药性的新的治疗策略。
