Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Viruses. 2021 May 1;13(5):817. doi: 10.3390/v13050817.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus. In healthy people, primary infection is generally asymptomatic, and the virus can go on to establish lifelong latency in cells of the myeloid lineage. However, HCMV often causes severe disease in the immunosuppressed: transplant recipients and people living with AIDS, and also in the immunonaive foetus. At present, there are several antiviral drugs licensed to control HCMV disease. However, these are all faced with problems of poor bioavailability, toxicity and rapidly emerging viral resistance. Furthermore, none of them are capable of fully clearing the virus from the host, as they do not target latent infection. Consequently, reactivation from latency is a significant source of disease, and there remains an unmet need for treatments that also target latent infection. This review briefly summarises the most common HCMV antivirals used in clinic at present and discusses current research into targeting the latent HCMV reservoir.
人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）是一种普遍存在的人类疱疹病毒。在健康人群中，初次感染通常无症状，病毒可继续在骨髓谱系细胞中建立终身潜伏。然而，HCMV 常导致免疫抑制人群（移植受者和艾滋病毒感染者）和免疫未成熟胎儿发生严重疾病。目前，有几种抗病毒药物被许可用于控制 HCMV 疾病。然而，这些药物都存在生物利用度差、毒性和迅速出现病毒耐药性的问题。此外，它们都不能完全从宿主中清除病毒，因为它们不能针对潜伏感染。因此，潜伏感染的重新激活是疾病的一个重要来源，仍然需要针对潜伏感染的治疗方法。本文简要总结了目前临床上最常用的 HCMV 抗病毒药物，并讨论了针对潜伏 HCMV 储库的当前研究。
