Beaver W T, Feise G A
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1978 Feb;204(2):487-96.
In a double-study, using patients' subjective reports as indices of analgesia, the relative analgesic potency of intramuscular nalbuphine and morphine was determined in 56 postoperative patients. A total of 28 crossover comparisons (utilizing the twin passover, balanced four-point incomplete block design) were performed in two sequentially related experiments, each assay comparing 4 and 8 mg of morphine with either 3 and 6 or 6 and 12 mg of nalbuphine. When both intensity and duration of analgesia are considered (i.e., total analgesic effect), nalbuphine was 0.8 to 0.9 times as potent as morphine. In terms of peak analgesic effect, nalbuphine was 0.7 to 0.8 times as potent. Both the time-effect curves and the relative potency estimates suggest that nalbuphine has a slightly longer duration of action than morphine at doses that are equianalgesic in terms of peak effect. Side effects of the type usually noted after the administration of potent injectable analgesics to postoperative patients were observed after both morphine and nalbuphine. Although nalbuphine is a potent narcotic antagonist, no psychotomimetic reactions were observed.
在一项双盲研究中，以患者的主观报告作为镇痛指标，对56例术后患者测定了肌肉注射纳布啡和吗啡的相对镇痛效力。在两个相继相关的实验中，共进行了28次交叉比较（采用双程、平衡四点不完全区组设计），每次试验将4毫克和8毫克吗啡分别与3毫克和6毫克或6毫克和12毫克纳布啡进行比较。当同时考虑镇痛强度和持续时间（即总镇痛效果）时，纳布啡的效力为吗啡的0.8至0.9倍。就峰值镇痛效果而言，纳布啡的效力为吗啡的0.7至0.8倍。时效曲线和相对效力估计均表明，在峰值效应等效镇痛剂量下，纳布啡的作用持续时间比吗啡略长。吗啡和纳布啡给药后均观察到了术后患者注射强效镇痛药后通常会出现的那种类型的副作用。虽然纳布啡是一种强效麻醉性拮抗剂，但未观察到拟精神病反应。
