González-Mendoza Víctor M, Sánchez-Sandoval M E, Castro-Concha Lizbeth A, Hernández-Sotomayor S M Teresa
CONACyT- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Unidad Regional Hidalgo, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo 42163, Mexico.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Plants (Basel). 2021 May 4;10(5):921. doi: 10.3390/plants10050921.
Plants, as sessile organisms, have adapted a fine sensing system to monitor environmental changes, therefore allowing the regulation of their responses. As the interaction between plants and environmental changes begins at the surface, these changes are detected by components in the plasma membrane, where a molecule receptor generates a lipid signaling cascade via enzymes, such as phospholipases (PLs). Phospholipids are the key structural components of plasma membranes and signaling cascades. They exist in a wide range of species and in different proportions, with conversion processes that involve hydrophilic enzymes, such as phospholipase-C (PLC), phospholipase-D (PLD), and phospholipase-A (PLA). Hence, it is suggested that PLC and PLD are highly conserved, compared to their homologous genes, and have formed clusters during their adaptive history. Additionally, they generate responses to different functions in accordance with their protein structure, which should be reflected in specific signal transduction responses to environmental stress conditions, including innate immune responses. This review summarizes the phospholipid systems associated with signaling pathways and the innate immune response.
植物作为固着生物，已经进化出一种精细的传感系统来监测环境变化，从而能够调节自身的反应。由于植物与环境变化的相互作用始于表面，这些变化由质膜中的成分检测到，在质膜中，分子受体通过磷脂酶（PLs）等酶产生脂质信号级联反应。磷脂是质膜和信号级联反应的关键结构成分。它们存在于广泛的物种中，比例各不相同，其转化过程涉及亲水性酶，如磷脂酶C（PLC）、磷脂酶D（PLD）和磷脂酶A（PLA）。因此，有人认为与它们的同源基因相比，PLC和PLD高度保守，并且在其适应性进化历程中形成了基因簇。此外，它们根据蛋白质结构产生不同的功能反应，这应该反映在对环境胁迫条件（包括先天免疫反应）的特定信号转导反应中。本综述总结了与信号通路和先天免疫反应相关的磷脂系统。
