Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain.
Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 11;22(10):5060. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105060.
Even though colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most preventable cancers, it is currently one of the deadliest. Worryingly, incidence in people <50 years has increased unexpectedly, and for unknown causes, despite the successful implementation of screening programs in the population aged >50 years. Thus, there is a need to improve early diagnosis detection strategies by identifying more precise biomarkers. In this scenario, the analysis of exosomes is given considerable attention. Previously, we demonstrated the exosome lipidome was able to classify CRC cell lines according to their malignancy. Herein, we investigated the use of the lipidome of plasma extracellular vesicles as a potential source of non-invasive biomarkers for CRC. A plasma exosome-enriched fraction was analyzed from patients undergoing colonoscopic procedure. Patients were divided into a healthy group and four pathological groups (patients with hyperplastic polyps; adenomatous polyps; invasive neoplasia (CRC patients); or hereditary non-polyposis CRC. The results showed a shift from 34:1- to 38:4-containing species in the pathological groups. We demonstrate that the ratio Σ34:1-containing species/Σ38:4-containing species has the potential to discriminate between healthy and pathological patients. Altogether, the results reinforce the utility of plasma exosome lipid fingerprint to provide new non-invasive biomarkers in a clinical context.
尽管结直肠癌（CRC）是最可预防的癌症之一，但它目前却是最致命的癌症之一。令人担忧的是，尽管在 50 岁以上人群中成功实施了筛查计划，但 50 岁以下人群的发病率却出人意料地上升，而且原因不明。因此，需要通过确定更精确的生物标志物来改进早期诊断检测策略。在这种情况下，对外泌体的分析受到了相当大的关注。此前，我们证明了外泌体脂质组能够根据其恶性程度对 CRC 细胞系进行分类。在这里，我们研究了将血浆细胞外囊泡的脂质组作为 CRC 的非侵入性生物标志物的潜在来源。从接受结肠镜检查的患者中分析了富含血浆外泌体的级分。患者分为健康组和四个病理组（增生性息肉患者；腺瘤性息肉患者；侵袭性肿瘤（CRC 患者）；或遗传性非息肉病 CRC。结果表明，病理组中 34:1-和 38:4 含量的物种发生了转移。我们证明，Σ34:1 含量的物种/Σ38:4 含量的物种比值有可能在健康患者和病理患者之间进行区分。总之，这些结果证实了血浆外泌体脂质指纹图谱在临床环境中提供新的非侵入性生物标志物的实用性。
