Jiang Dengge, Yang Wenwen, Zhang Yu
Xi'AN No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Mar 14;104(11):e41768. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041768.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, necessitating the identification of risk factors and preventive measures. Fatty acids, vital nutrients involved in various bodily functions, have been linked to CRC; however, findings are inconsistent. This Mendelian randomization study utilized data from the UK Biobank and included 18 fatty acid-related phenotypes. We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to examine the Causal connections between fatty acids and CRC. Statistical analysis involved the inverse-variance-weighted, Mendelian randomization-Egger, and weighted median methods to ensure robust findings. Our analysis revealed that docosahexaenoic acid and omega-3 fatty acids were positively associated with CRC risk. No significant associations were found between CRC and total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or monounsaturated fatty acids. The degree of unsaturation was positively associated with CRC, while the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was negatively associated. The study highlights a positive association between docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, and CRC, suggesting that specific fatty acids may influence CRC risk. Further research in diverse populations is needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球最常见的癌症之一，因此有必要确定其风险因素和预防措施。脂肪酸作为参与各种身体功能的重要营养素，已被发现与结直肠癌有关；然而，研究结果并不一致。这项孟德尔随机化研究使用了英国生物银行的数据，并纳入了18种与脂肪酸相关的表型。我们使用单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量，来研究脂肪酸与结直肠癌之间的因果关系。统计分析采用逆方差加权法、孟德尔随机化-埃格法和加权中位数法，以确保研究结果的可靠性。我们的分析表明，二十二碳六烯酸和ω-3脂肪酸与结直肠癌风险呈正相关。结直肠癌与总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸或单不饱和脂肪酸之间未发现显著关联。不饱和度与结直肠癌呈正相关，而ω-6与ω-3脂肪酸的比例与结直肠癌呈负相关。该研究突出了二十二碳六烯酸、ω-3脂肪酸与结直肠癌之间的正相关关系，表明特定脂肪酸可能影响结直肠癌风险。需要在不同人群中进行进一步研究，以证实这些发现并探索其潜在机制。
