Tripaldi Simona, Telesca Luciano, Lovallo Michele
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, 85050 Tito, Italy.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 May 11;23(5):593. doi: 10.3390/e23050593.
Temperature and composition at fumaroles are controlled by several volcanic and exogenous processes that operate on various time-space scales. Here, we analyze fluctuations of temperature and chemical composition recorded at fumarolic vents in Solfatara (Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy) from December 1997 to December 2015, in order to better understand source(s) and driving processes. Applying the singular spectral analysis, we found that the trends explain the great part of the variance of the geochemical series but not of the temperature series. On the other hand, a common source, also shared by other geo-indicators (ground deformation, seismicity, hydrogeological and meteorological data), seems to be linked with the oscillatory structure of the investigated signals. The informational characteristics of temperature and geochemical compositions, analyzed by using the Fisher-Shannon method, appear to be a sort of fingerprint of the different periodic structure. In fact, the oscillatory components were characterized by a wide range of significant periodicities nearly equally powerful that show a higher degree of entropy, indicating that changes are influenced by overlapped processes occurring at different scales with a rather similar intensity. The present study represents an advancement in the understanding of the dominant driving mechanisms of volcanic signals at fumaroles that might be also valid for other volcanic areas.
喷气孔处的温度和成分受多种火山和外部过程控制，这些过程在不同的时空尺度上起作用。在此，我们分析了1997年12月至2015年12月期间在意大利坎皮弗莱格雷火山口索尔法塔拉的喷气孔记录的温度和化学成分波动情况，以便更好地了解其来源和驱动过程。应用奇异谱分析，我们发现趋势解释了地球化学序列方差的很大一部分，但没有解释温度序列的方差。另一方面，一个共同的来源，其他地质指标（地面变形、地震活动、水文地质和气象数据）也共享这一来源，似乎与所研究信号的振荡结构有关。通过使用费希尔 - 香农方法分析温度和地球化学成分的信息特征，似乎是不同周期结构的一种指纹。事实上，振荡成分的特征是具有广泛的显著周期，这些周期几乎同样强大，显示出更高的熵，这表明变化受到不同尺度上以相当相似强度发生的重叠过程的影响。本研究代表了在理解喷气孔处火山信号的主要驱动机制方面的进展，这可能对其他火山区也有效。
