Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 11;18(10):5062. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105062.
Prenatal maternal exposure to air pollution may cause adverse health effects in offspring, potentially through altered immune responses. Maternal psychosocial distress can also alter immune function and may increase gestational vulnerability to air pollution exposure. We investigated whether prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with altered immune responses in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and potential modification by maternal depression in 463 women recruited in early pregnancy (1999-2001) into the Project Viva longitudinal cohort. We estimated black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM), residential proximity to major roadways, and near-residence traffic density, averaged over pregnancy. Women reported depressive symptoms in mid-pregnancy (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and depression history by questionnaire. Immune responses were assayed by concentrations of three cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), in unstimulated or stimulated (phytohemagglutinin (PHA), cockroach extract (Bla g 2), house dust mite extract (Der f 1)) CBMCs. Using multivariable linear or Tobit regression analyses, we found that CBMCs production of IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-10 were all lower in mothers exposed to higher levels of PM during pregnancy. A suggestive but not statistically significant pattern of lower cord blood cytokine concentrations from ever (versus never) depressed women exposed to PM, BC, or traffic was also observed and warrants further study.
产前母体暴露于空气污染可能会对后代的健康产生不良影响，这可能是通过改变免疫反应实现的。母体心理社会压力也会改变免疫功能，并可能增加妊娠期对空气污染暴露的脆弱性。我们调查了产前暴露于空气污染是否与脐带血单核细胞（CBMC）中的免疫反应改变有关，以及在怀孕早期（1999-2001 年）招募的 463 名妇女中，母亲抑郁对这种改变的潜在影响，这些妇女被纳入了 Viva 纵向队列研究。我们估计了怀孕期间的黑碳（BC）、细颗粒物（PM）、住宅与主要道路的接近程度以及附近交通密度，并取平均值。妇女在妊娠中期（爱丁堡产后抑郁量表）和通过问卷调查报告抑郁症状和抑郁史。通过未刺激或刺激（植物血凝素（PHA）、蟑螂提取物（Bla g 2）、屋尘螨提取物（Der f 1））的 CBMC 中三种细胞因子（IL-6、IL-10 和 TNF-α）的浓度来检测免疫反应。我们使用多变量线性或 Tobit 回归分析发现，怀孕期间暴露于更高水平 PM 的母亲的 CBMC 产生的 IL-6、TNF-a 和 IL-10 均较低。还观察到来自曾（而非从未）抑郁的妇女的脐带血细胞因子浓度在暴露于 PM、BC 或交通时较低，但这种模式尚不够显著，有待进一步研究。
