Plyasova Anna A, Zhdanov Dmitry D
Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia.
Biomedicines. 2021 May 9;9(5):526. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9050526.
Alternative splicing (AS) of human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase) pre-mRNA strongly regulates telomerase activity. Several proteins can regulate AS in a cell type-specific manner and determine the functions of cells. In addition to being involved in telomerase activity regulation, AS provides cells with different splice variants that may have alternative biological activities. The modulation of telomerase activity through the induction of hTERT AS is involved in the development of different cancer types and embryos, and the differentiation of stem cells. Regulatory T cells may suppress the proliferation of target human and murine T and B lymphocytes and NK cells in a contact-independent manner involving activation of TERT AS. This review focuses on the mechanism of regulation of hTERT pre-mRNA AS and the involvement of splice variants in physiological and pathological processes.
人类端粒酶催化亚基（hTERT，人类端粒酶逆转录酶）前体mRNA的可变剪接（AS）强烈调节端粒酶活性。几种蛋白质可以以细胞类型特异性的方式调节可变剪接，并决定细胞的功能。除了参与端粒酶活性调节外，可变剪接还为细胞提供了可能具有不同生物学活性的剪接变体。通过诱导hTERT可变剪接来调节端粒酶活性参与了不同癌症类型和胚胎的发育以及干细胞的分化。调节性T细胞可能以涉及TERT可变剪接激活的非接触依赖方式抑制靶标人类和小鼠T、B淋巴细胞以及NK细胞的增殖。本综述重点关注hTERT前体mRNA可变剪接的调控机制以及剪接变体在生理和病理过程中的作用。
