Wang Ruitong, Liu Min, Liu Jue
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 May 20;9(5):529. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050529.
Influenza could circulate in parallel with COVID-19. In the context of COVID-19, some studies observed inverse associations between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical outcomes, while others did not. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical outcomes, aiming to provide evidence for COVID-19 prevention and vaccination promotion. We searched four databases from inception to 10 March, 2021. Random effects and fixed effects models were used to pool odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used funnel plots to evaluate the publication bias, I2 statistics to evaluate the heterogeneity, and conducted subgroup analyses. Sixteen observational studies involving 290,327 participants were included. Influenza vaccination was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (pooled adjusted OR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.81-0.91), while not significantly associated with adverse outcomes (intensive care: adjusted OR 0.63, 95%CI: 0.22-1.81; hospitalization: adjusted OR 0.74, 95%CI: 0.51-1.06; mortality: adjusted OR 0.89, 95%CI: 0.73-1.09). Our findings suggest that influenza vaccination is associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is crucial for policy makers to implement strategies on influenza vaccination, for it may also have benefits for COVID-19 prevention.
流感可能与新冠病毒同时传播。在新冠疫情背景下，一些研究观察到流感疫苗接种与新冠病毒感染及临床结局之间存在负相关，而另一些研究则未观察到这种关联。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以评估流感疫苗接种与新冠病毒感染及临床结局之间的关联，旨在为新冠疫情防控和疫苗推广提供证据。我们检索了四个数据库，检索时间从建库至2021年3月10日。采用随机效应模型和固定效应模型合并比值比（OR）及95%置信区间（CI）的校正估计值。我们使用漏斗图评估发表偏倚，I²统计量评估异质性，并进行亚组分析。纳入了16项观察性研究，涉及290327名参与者。流感疫苗接种与较低的新冠病毒感染风险相关（合并校正OR：0.86，95%CI：0.81 - 0.91），而与不良结局无显著关联（重症监护：校正OR 0.63，95%CI：0.22 - 1.81；住院：校正OR 0.74，95%CI：0.51 - 1.06；死亡：校正OR 0.89，95%CI：0.73 - 1.09）。我们的研究结果表明，流感疫苗接种与较低的新冠病毒感染风险相关。政策制定者实施流感疫苗接种策略至关重要，因为这可能对新冠疫情防控也有益处。
