Pluta Beata, Galas Szymon, Krzykała Magdalena, Andrzejewski Marcin, Podciechowska Karolina
Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznan, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 16;18(10):5279. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105279.
In the present study, we aimed to identify the impact of chosen anthropometric measurements on the special physical fitness of elite junior table tennis players at different stages of sport training. A total of 87 table tennis players aged 13.4 ± 1.74 years (43.7% girls and 56.3% boys) from two Polish teams were analyzed. The anthropometry measurements included height, sitting height, body weight, arm span, humerus and femur breadths, five skinfold thicknesses, and five girths were assessed. Participants' somatotypes were also calculated using the Heath-Carter method as well as body mass index (BMI), which was constructed using the lambda, mu, sigma (LMS) method. Body composition via a bioelectric impedance analysis was also analyzed. The level of special fitness of athletes was determined using tests from the Table Tennis Specific Battery Test, assessing reaction and displacement speeds. Mesomorphic (4.1) and ectomorphic (3.8) profiles were registered for boys and girls, respectively. Boys achieved higher scores than girls for almost all variables, with the exception of ectomorphic somatotype ( = 0.274), skinfold triceps ( = 0.444), and calf skinfold medial ( = 0.609). The relationship between the body height, thickness of the skinfolds of the triceps and suprailiac, biceps, and waist circumference and arm span in all three motor tests was observed, simultaneously significantly higher results were obtained by competitors at the specialist stage of training. Knowledge of the somatic and motor characteristics of young athletes can help coaches in creating a specific training program for improved health and performance, taking into consideration the athletes' biological development, potential, and pre-disposition.
在本研究中，我们旨在确定所选人体测量指标对精英青少年乒乓球运动员在不同运动训练阶段的专项身体素质的影响。对来自两支波兰球队的87名年龄在13.4±1.74岁的乒乓球运动员（43.7%为女生，56.3%为男生）进行了分析。评估了人体测量指标，包括身高、坐高、体重、臂展、肱骨和股骨宽度、五项皮褶厚度以及五项围度。还使用希思 - 卡特法计算了参与者的体型，以及使用λ、μ、σ（LMS）法构建的身体质量指数（BMI）。还通过生物电阻抗分析对身体成分进行了分析。运动员的专项身体素质水平通过乒乓球专项电池测试中的测试来确定，评估反应速度和位移速度。男生和女生的中胚层体型（4.1）和外胚层体型（3.8）分别被记录下来。除了外胚层体型（P = 0.274）、肱三头肌皮褶（P = 0.444）和小腿内侧皮褶（P = 0.609）外，几乎所有变量男生的得分都高于女生。在所有三项运动测试中，观察到身高、肱三头肌和髂上、肱二头肌皮褶厚度以及腰围与臂展之间的关系，同时在专项训练阶段的参赛者获得了显著更高的成绩。了解年轻运动员的身体和运动特征可以帮助教练制定特定的训练计划，以改善健康状况和提高运动表现，同时考虑到运动员的生物发育、潜力和易感性。
