Department of Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Jan;34(1):192-202. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002641.
Fett, J, Ulbricht, A, and Ferrauti, A. Impact of physical performance and anthropometric characteristics on serve velocity in elite junior tennis players. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 192-202, 2020-This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical performance components and anthropometric characteristics on serve velocity (SV) in elite junior tennis players depending on the sex and age group. A sample of the best 1,019 (male = 625, female = 394) junior squad tennis players of the German Tennis Federation participated in the study involving complex anthropometric measurements (body height, body mass, sitting height, and arm span) and physical tests (e.g., SV, medicine ball throws [MBTs], hand grip strength, push-ups, back extension, countermovement jumps [CMJs], horizontal jumps, 20-m sprint, and tennis-specific endurance). Of all the anthropometric and physical characteristics analyzed, the MBTs (r = 0.49-0.60♂; r = 0.20-0.60♀), hand grip strength (r = 0.43-0.59♂; r = 0.27-0.37♀), arm span (r = 0.37-0.56♂; r = 0.24-0.36♀), body height (r = 0.31-0.52♂; r = 0.26-0.38♀), and body mass (r = 0.44-0.57♂; r = 0.35-0.39♀) were particularly closely correlated with SV. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the combination of selected predictors (e.g., MBTs, grip strength, arm span, and body mass) explained 41-66% of the variance in SV of boys and 19-45%, respectively, for girls. The results reinforce that service speed is dependent on physical abilities and anthropometric characteristics but also strongly on additional factors (i.e., technical components). In particular, the upper-body power/strength is important to the junior players' service, especially in athletes with a greater body height and arm span (i.e., biomechanical advantages), whereas purely lower-body power (e.g., CMJ) is less important. To this effect, talent identification and intervention programs focusing on the specific requirements are recommended.
费特、乌尔布里希特和费拉蒂。身体素质和人体测量特征对优秀青少年网球运动员发球速度的影响。《力量与 Conditioning 研究》34（1）：192-202，2020 年-本研究旨在调查身体素质成分和人体测量特征对优秀青少年网球运动员发球速度（SV）的影响，根据性别和年龄组进行分析。德国网球联合会的最佳 1,019 名（男=625，女=394）青少年队网球运动员参加了这项研究，涉及复杂的人体测量测量（身高、体重、坐高和臂展）和物理测试（例如，SV、药球投掷[MBT]、握力、俯卧撑、后伸、深蹲跳[CMJ]、水平跳跃、20 米冲刺和网球特定耐力）。在分析的所有人体测量和物理特征中，MBT（r = 0.49-0.60♂；r = 0.20-0.60♀）、握力（r = 0.43-0.59♂；r = 0.27-0.37♀）、臂展（r = 0.37-0.56♂；r = 0.24-0.36♀）、身高（r = 0.31-0.52♂；r = 0.26-0.38♀）和体重（r = 0.44-0.57♂；r = 0.35-0.39♀）与 SV 特别密切相关。多元回归分析的结果表明，选择的预测因子（例如，MBT、握力、臂展和体重）的组合分别解释了男孩 SV 方差的 41-66%，而女孩的解释分别为 19-45%。结果表明，发球速度取决于身体素质和人体测量特征，但也强烈取决于额外因素（即技术成分）。特别是，上半身的力量/强度对青少年运动员的发球很重要，尤其是在身高和臂展较大的运动员中（即生物力学优势），而纯粹的下半身力量（例如，CMJ）则不太重要。为此，建议实施以特定要求为重点的人才识别和干预计划。
