INBIOFAL (Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Biotechnology), CONICET NOA Sur, Avenida Kirchner 1900, Tucumán 4000, Argentina.
Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, Tucumán 4000, Argentina.
Molecules. 2021 May 12;26(10):2863. doi: 10.3390/molecules26102863.
The chemical composition of three oils: lemon essential oil (LEO), lemon terpenes (LT) and lemon essence (LE), and their influence in the virulence factors production and motility (swarming and swimming) of two strains (ATCC 27853 and a multidrug-resistant HT5) were investigated. The main compound, limonene, was also tested in biological assays. Eighty-four compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 99.23%, 98.58% and 99.64%, were identified by GC/MS. Limonene (59-60%), -terpinene (10-11%) and -pinene (7-15%) were the main compounds. All lemon oils inhibited specific biofilm production and bacterial metabolic activities into biofilm in a dose-dependent manner (20-65%, in the range of 0.1-4 mg mL) of both strains. Besides, all samples inhibited about 50% of the elastase activity at 0.1 mg mL. Pyocyanin biosynthesis decreases until 64% (0.1-4 mg mL) for both strains. Swarming motility of ATCC 27853 was completely inhibited by 2 mg mL of lemon oils. Furthermore, a decrease (29-55%, 0.1-4 mg mL) in the synthesis of Quorum sensing (QS) signals was observed. The oils showed higher biological activities than limonene. Hence, their ability to control the biofilm of and reduce the production of virulence factors regulated by QS makes lemon oils good candidates to be applied as preservatives in the food processing industry.
研究了三种油（柠檬精油（LEO）、柠檬萜烯（LT）和柠檬香精（LE））的化学成分及其对两种菌株（ATCC 27853 和一种多药耐药 HT5）毒力因子产生和运动性（群集和游泳）的影响。还对主要化合物柠檬烯进行了生物测定。GC/MS 鉴定了 84 种化合物，占相对峰面积的 99.23%、98.58%和 99.64%。柠檬烯（59-60%）、-松油烯（10-11%）和-蒎烯（7-15%）是主要化合物。所有柠檬油均以剂量依赖性方式（两种菌株的 0.1-4 mg/mL 范围内为 20-65%）抑制特定生物膜形成和细菌代谢活性进入生物膜。此外，所有样品在 0.1 mg/mL 时均抑制约 50%的弹性蛋白酶活性。两种菌株的吡咯菌素生物合成减少至 64%（0.1-4 mg/mL）。柠檬油完全抑制 ATCC 27853 的群集运动，在 0.1-4 mg/mL 时，QS 信号的合成减少了 29-55%。这些油比柠檬烯具有更高的生物活性。因此，它们控制生物膜的能力和减少由 QS 调节的毒力因子的产生使柠檬油成为食品加工业中用作防腐剂的良好候选物。
