Durak Roma, Jedryczka Malgorzata, Czajka Beata, Dampc Jan, Wielgusz Katarzyna, Borowiak-Sobkowiak Beata
Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
Insects. 2021 May 8;12(5):420. doi: 10.3390/insects12050420.
The hemp aphid Passerini is a well- known (Asia, Europe) or newly emerging (North America) insect. It is a monophagous insect pest causing considerable damage in field and glasshouse cultivations. The aim of this work was to study the effects of meteorological (temperature) and agronomical (herbicide) factors on the biology of the hemp aphid. In one experiment, hemp plants were kept at constant temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 °C, and aphid survival and fecundity were measured. In a related experiment conducted at 20 °C, plants were treated with field-appropriate rates of a selective graminicide containing quizalofop-P-tefuryl (40 gL, 4.38%, HRAC group 1), commonly used to control weeds in hemp, and aphid enzyme activity was measured in addition to population parameters. We found that hemp aphids could live, feed and reproduce within the whole studied range of temperatures, demonstrating its great evolutionary plasticity. However, the optimal temperature for development was 25 °C, at which the insect lived and reproduced for 25 and 15 days, respectively, with an average fecundity of 7.5 nymphs per reproduction day. The herbicide treatment increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), β-glucosidase, S-glutathione transferase (GST), oxidoreductive peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the aphids, but only on certain days after treatment, which indicates a mild stress in aphid tissues, related to a higher reproduction and changed feeding behavior; aphids moved from the actively growing tips compared to untreated plants. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of the impact on the future management of this pest.
大麻蚜（Passerini）是一种广为人知的昆虫（分布于亚洲、欧洲）或新出现的昆虫（分布于北美洲）。它是一种单食性害虫，在田间和温室种植中造成相当大的损害。这项工作的目的是研究气象（温度）和农艺（除草剂）因素对大麻蚜生物学特性的影响。在一项实验中，将大麻植株置于20至30°C的恒定温度下，测量蚜虫的存活率和繁殖力。在另一项于20°C进行的相关实验中，用田间适用剂量的一种含有精喹禾灵 - 异丁酯（40 g/L，4.38%，HRAC第1组）的选择性禾本科除草剂处理植株，该除草剂常用于控制大麻中的杂草，除了测量种群参数外，还测量了蚜虫的酶活性。我们发现，大麻蚜能够在整个研究温度范围内生存、取食和繁殖，这表明其具有很强的进化可塑性。然而，发育的最佳温度为25°C，在此温度下，该昆虫分别存活和繁殖25天和15天，平均每繁殖日产7.5只若蚜。除草剂处理提高了蚜虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、β - 葡萄糖苷酶、S - 谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）、氧化还原过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性，但仅在处理后的特定天数出现这种情况，这表明蚜虫组织受到轻度胁迫，与较高的繁殖率和改变的取食行为有关；与未处理的植株相比，蚜虫从活跃生长的顶端转移。根据这些实验结果对该害虫未来治理的影响进行了讨论。
