Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117971 Moscow, Russia.
Faculty of Ecology, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
Nutrients. 2021 May 10;13(5):1591. doi: 10.3390/nu13051591.
Probiotic bacteria are widely accepted as therapeutic agents against inflammatory bowel diseases for their immunostimulating effects. In the last decade, more evidence has emerged supporting the positive effects of probiotics on the course of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. This brief review summarizes the data from clinical studies of probiotics possessing antidepressant properties and focuses on the potential genes and proteins underlying these mechanisms. Data from small-sample placebo-controlled pilot studies indicate that certain strains of bacteria can significantly reduce the symptoms of depression, especially in depressed patients. Despite the disparity between studies attempting to pinpoint the bacterial putative genes and proteins accounting for these mechanisms, they ultimately show that bacteria are a potential source of metabiotics-microbial metabolites or structural components. Since the constituents of cells-namely, secreted proteins, peptides and cell wall components-are most likely to be entangled in the gut-brain axis, they can serve as starting point in the search for probiotics with concrete properties.
益生菌因其免疫刺激作用而被广泛认为是治疗炎症性肠病的药物。在过去的十年中，越来越多的证据支持益生菌对神经退行性和精神疾病病程的积极影响。本综述总结了具有抗抑郁特性的益生菌的临床研究数据，并重点介绍了这些机制背后的潜在基因和蛋白质。来自小型安慰剂对照初步研究的数据表明，某些细菌菌株可以显著减轻抑郁症状，尤其是在抑郁患者中。尽管试图确定导致这些机制的细菌假定基因和蛋白质的研究存在差异，但它们最终表明细菌是微生物代谢物或结构成分的潜在来源。由于细胞的组成部分——即分泌蛋白、肽和细胞壁成分——很可能与肠脑轴纠缠在一起，因此它们可以作为寻找具有具体特性的益生菌的起点。
