Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 12;13(3):927. doi: 10.3390/nu13030927.
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. As determined, the microbiota influences the shaping and modulation of the functioning of the gut-brain axis. The intestinal microbiota has a significant impact on processes related to neurotransmitter synthesis, the myelination of neurons in the prefrontal cortex, and is also involved in the development of the amygdala and hippocampus. Intestinal bacteria are also a source of vitamins, the deficiency of which is believed to be related to the response to antidepressant therapy and may lead to exacerbation of depressive symptoms. Additionally, it is known that, in periods of excessive activation of stress reactions, the immune system also plays an important role, negatively affecting the tightness of the intestinal barrier and intestinal microflora. In this review, we have summarized the role of the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and diet in susceptibility to depression. We also describe abnormalities in the functioning of the intestinal barrier caused by increased activity of the immune system in response to stressors. Moreover, the presented study discusses the role of psychobiotics in the prevention and treatment of depression through their influence on the intestinal barrier, immune processes, and functioning of the nervous system.
肠道微生物群在抑郁症的病理生理学中起着重要作用。研究表明，微生物群会影响肠-脑轴的形成和调节。肠道微生物群对与神经递质合成、前额叶皮层神经元髓鞘形成相关的过程有重大影响，并且还参与了杏仁核和海马体的发育。肠道细菌也是维生素的来源，据信维生素缺乏与抗抑郁治疗的反应有关，并且可能导致抑郁症状恶化。此外，众所周知，在应激反应过度激活的时期，免疫系统也起着重要作用，它会对肠道屏障和肠道微生物群的紧密性产生负面影响。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物群、其代谢物和饮食在易患抑郁症中的作用。我们还描述了免疫系统在应对应激源时过度活跃导致肠道屏障功能异常。此外，本研究还通过探讨益生菌对肠道屏障、免疫过程和神经系统功能的影响，讨论了其在预防和治疗抑郁症中的作用。
