Groth Mateusz, Nyka Krzysztof, Kulas Lukasz
Department of Microwave and Antenna Engineering, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 May 14;21(10):3431. doi: 10.3390/s21103431.
In this paper, we present a novel, low-cost approach to indoor localization that is capable of performing localization processes in real indoor environments and does not require calibration or recalibration procedures. To this end, we propose a single-anchor architecture and design based on an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna and Nordic Semiconductor nRF52840 utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol. The proposed algorithm relies on received signal strength (RSS) values measured by the receiver equipped with the ESPAR antenna for every considered antenna radiation pattern. The calibration-free concept is achieved by using inexpensive BLE nodes installed in known positions on the walls of the test room and acting as reference nodes for the positioning algorithm. Measurements performed in the indoor environment show that the proposed approach can successfully provide positioning results better than those previously reported for single-anchor ESPAR antenna localization systems employing the classical fingerprinting method and relying on time-consuming calibration procedures.
在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的低成本室内定位方法，该方法能够在实际室内环境中执行定位过程，且无需校准或重新校准程序。为此，我们基于电子可控寄生阵列辐射器（ESPAR）天线和利用蓝牙低功耗（BLE）协议的 Nordic Semiconductor nRF52840 提出了一种单锚点架构与设计。所提出的算法依赖于配备 ESPAR 天线的接收器针对每个考虑的天线辐射方向图测量的接收信号强度（RSS）值。通过使用安装在测试房间墙壁上已知位置的廉价 BLE 节点作为定位算法的参考节点，实现了免校准概念。在室内环境中进行的测量表明，与先前报道的采用经典指纹识别方法且依赖耗时校准程序的单锚点 ESPAR 天线定位系统相比，所提出的方法能够成功提供更好的定位结果。
